it still feels weird saying that a Hollywood actor is working class.
The vast majority of actors are nameless extras that no one would recognize.
it still feels weird saying that a Hollywood actor is working class.
The vast majority of actors are nameless extras that no one would recognize.
Yes, actors are working class so long as they’re being paid a wage in exchange for their labor. If they’re making a lot of money, then they’re labor aristocrats. If they own stock in the company that’s producing their films, then they’re bourgeois.
I was going to write a comment but you pretty much said what I would have.
I think it's also worth drawing a distinction between the terms "Working Class" and "Proletarian".
The Proletariat - the Revolutionary Class - in its purest form means to "own nothing" - a renter who walks to work or takes public transportation, doesn't have a college degree, doesn't manage others at work but is himself managed.
In modern America few people fit this platonic ideal of proletarianism, but artists - including actors - are generally not considered to be proletarian, nor would other celebrities or athletes.
This isn't to denigrate artists or actors or anyone else, just to get language straight in order to reconcile the cognitive dissonance of these sometimes very-wealthy people being "lumped in" with those that we more traditionally think of as "working class".
doesn't have a college degree,
This is not a real requirement. Having training doesn't make you not proletarian.
The idea that artists, including actors, are generally not proletarian is totally ridiculous. Their work is labor and they are paid for their labor, though usually they are very underpaid and need some other job or two to stay afloat.
Taking the richest exemplars of a group as the general example in a group so wildly stratified and bottom-heavy is indefensible.
I think you're confusing the terms "Working Class" and "Proletarian" in basically the same way that I was pointing out in my post. And I want to make it clear, again, that I am not making the assertion that non-proletarian workers are lesser (or greater) in any way than Proletarians, just that they have a different experience of Capitalism that informs their political consciousness - which is why these terms exist to begin with.
The original distinction, of course, being the distinction between Proletarians, Peasants, and Slaves - all of whom are working class, but have their own relations to the means of production.
An Engineer is (typically) working-class, but is not a proletarian. Nor is an artist. This is why, even in their various insignia, Socialist states such as the GDR and DPRK have symbols for the Proletariat and Peasantry, yes, but also have separate symbols for Engineers and Artists.
Both groups - really, all groups - can become partially or even wholly Proletarianized. But such a state is not necessarily the default. Someone taking commissions to draw furry pornography is petty-bourgoise. Lenin himself excludes the Democrat-Bureaucrats from Proletarianism as a matter of course, despite most performing work for wages.
Many actors are partially Proletarianized, but fame should be considered a form of ephemeral Capital owned by the actor (in much the same way as a university degree) which alienates the celebrity from the general Proletarian class.
So if a person owns a car but doesn't use it for any small-business purposes, do you think that still makes that person bourgeois? I also think that in a settler-colony, skin color matters a lot. There are homeless white people out there who are not revolutionary, let's just say (for various reasons). But yeah, not owning a car, not owning a house, not having any kind of leadership role at work, that definitely makes a person more open to revolutionary thinking. I knew a guy just like this at my last job—a "skilled" blue collar technician who seemingly had nothing but a work van. I guess he had some land in the woods (bourgeois) and he told me he was supposedly building a house there (he's white, his dad's a carpenter who owns his own business), but he also said that he had slept in his work van on cold winter nights with the engine on. He was also super racist. One of the first things he ever said to me was "nobody wants to work anymore." And this was two years ago, long after that phrase had gotten pretty stale.
I think there is - not a scale, but a sort of spectrum - of class relations that every individual falls somewhere on. And there are pure expressions of those class relations, but also imperfect ones, and it's senseless to draw hard lines within the spectrum when the dialectical position is accepting the spectrum exists as it does (this is a bit of a non-sequitor, but I believe a very similar thing could be said of other dialectic contradictions, such as gender).
I often think of my father - I was not born into a wealthy family nor did I live a wealthy life growing up. My dad was self-employed as an auto-mechanic and was what I would call a "failed businessman". We lived in a modest (maybe around 300-400 sqft plus a basement and attic?) single-family home in a Midwestern city suburb. He was a co-founder of a natural gas automobile conversion company. He lost tens, maybe hundreds of thousands of dollars on that and just bad stock market investments. Our family home (and only property) has a leaky roof, rusty pipes and constantly backs up with sewage, and we can't afford to get any of it fixed because the family is thousands of dollars in debt and behind on property taxes.
I say this just to say that he is not wealthy, but he is also not Working Class nor Proletarian. He is Petty-Bourgeois, in some ways maybe even Big-Bourgeois. This isn't reflected in our standard of living (and certainly won't be reflected in my inheritance when he kicks the bucket, which will be nothing or close to it), but it does inform his politics. He's not openly racist or homophobic or a conspiracy theorist or anything like that, he's not a QANON or MAGA guy, but he still won't shut the fuck up about Ross Perot, he likes all the Libertarian grifters, he wants fewer regulations and more subsidies and simpler taxes for business owners. He's afraid of "thugs" and their music, their culture, their neighborhoods; he simultaneously hates cops when they inconvenience him but is almost gleeful when they police others.
It's not about virtue or oppression but about studying how a person's relationship to Capital informs their politics.
I think it's also worth drawing a distinction between the terms "Working Class" and "Proletarian".
I disagree that these are distinct terms in a Marxian context. This amounts to smuggling in the liberal concept of “working class” that has no basis in class analysis, where working class means simply middle income.
The fact that many workers in the US have material interest in the stock market and in US imperialism — this does not necessitate any refinement of our concept of working class, but instead to identify the social-chauvinist, labor-aristocratic, and petite-bourgeois tendencies within the US proletariat as contrasted against the global proletariat.
I've seen an endless amount of confused "Are x proles?" questions. It's really a simple distinction - the whole point is simply to work out where peoples' common material interests lie.
Do they rely on their work to live and not a stockpile of private capital? Then yes. 99.9% of the time this is the same answer as "Is it in their material interest that workers have more control over their workplaces and the wealth they produce is more equitably distributed?"
Not everyone will work in their material interest. Some subsections are more propagandised/pro-status quo etc. than others, that's fine. It's a simple classification system.
So most actors - Yes. Tom Cruise, no. Bam.
So long as they don't own capital and they sell their labor for a wage they are workers. Even wealthy workers are workers, they are just paid enough to ignore their class interests in favor of their individual interests.
Actors and professional athletes are in a very similar situation.
At the end of the day they make their money from their labour/bodies. They make a lot of money, but if they are seriously injured or otherwise unable to work they don't make money anymore. This eats at the back of the mind of every worker - what happens if I'm unable to work tomorrow? Athletes with sponsorships are still the same, if they can't play they lose their celebrity and lose these endorsements.
Once someone starts making money from passive sources (investments, ownership in a team or studio) that is when their worker status changes. Now their income is secured whether they can or can't work, and can grow to a place where they no longer have to work. That is the divide.
At the end of the day they make their money from their labour/bodies.

Big name actors make most of their money from a cut of the box office, endorsements, ownership of production firms. Otherwise they make money “normally” through real estate (they all own multiple mansions which appreciate in value) and traditional financial investment. The time they spend “laboring” has very little to do with their income. And it is not wage labor, they are not laboring as proletarians. They labor in much the same way that any capitalist “labors” to manage their wealth.
Retiring from acting or sports is meaningless. A famous actor or athlete can still easily find an income on talk shows or whatever. Most of them retire because they have enough wealth to never work again, and usually because they have converted their wealth into financial capital.
They make a lot of money, but if they are seriously injured or otherwise unable to work they don't make money anymore
That's every worker
Im literally 1-2 degrees F hotness and a single layer of clothing from being like "fuck this job i am literally going to be the joker"
At the end of the day they make their money from their labour/bodies. They make a lot of money, but if they are seriously injured or otherwise unable to work they don't make money anymore.
Are they similar to artisans or am I confusing what artisans are?
They do not operate their own means of production like artisans do.
An actor in a traveling troupe would be similar to an artisan, but not one who works in the studio system which is just a standard capitalist industry where capitalists own the means of production.
This is usually a pretty simple question, because if you can map their relation to the means of production onto the normal Marxist categories, then that itself is your answer. Acting is labor, and most actors get paid peanuts for quite a lot of labor, usually while doing another job or two.
Of the ~50 or so working top dollar names in Hollywood, there are thousands of actors who don't get to set their own price. And the ones that are big now may not be next year. While they can certainly invest in companies or start their own, making them bourgeois, if you ignore that they only own their own likeness. Hence the push for genAI by production companies. The high earners are at least petite bourgeois, certainly, but otherwise I would absolutely call them working class.
A-listers are absolutely bourgeois through-and-through and I’m baffled that anyone would consider them proletarian, even labor-aristocrat.
You are a proletarian if your labor-power is assimilated with the mass of the labor power of the proletariat; ie your labor-power is indistinguishable, of the same quality, as any other worker’s labor power. Do you think this applies to Sandra Bullock or Matt Damon?
A-listers have effectively created a new commodity over which they have a total monopoly: their brand, their visage and likeness. It is furthermore backed by laws in the US which prevent unlicensed use of another person’s likeness for profit.
Sandra Bullock made over $70 million from Gravity. It was not earned as a wage paid for labor power. Much of her paycheck came as, effectively, royalties, for the use of her unique brand as Sandra Bullock. She was able to leverage her unique commodity to carve a fraction of the surplus value, not as a proletarian but as a capitalist, in the same way that money capital carves out part of the surplus value as interest.
Furthermore, these very well known actors make a ton of money outside of acting; from endorsements, from real estate, from co-ownership of movie production firms, etc. They are bourgeois!
As some have correctly pointed out, class is about your relation to production. Whether or not someone labors at all does not determine class. Do not the petite bourgeois “labor” to produce their commodity for sale on the market? Does that make them proles? The majority of actors do work for a wage, but this is absolutely not the case for the highly paid ones.
This is absolutely the right take. Major (A-list or superstar) actors are getting most of their pay from studio ownership, executive producer credits, residuals, licensing, or royalties. That ain't working class.
I'm fine considering small-time actors (and even many mid-level character actors without any real "leverage") working class, though. I think the replaceability criterion you mentioned is a good heuristic: if an actor could be fired and replaced without it changing the marketing, success, and appeal of the project, that's a sign they may be working class.
Thanks! I agree although I would make the replaceability concept even stronger, promoting it from heuristic to definition. My reason is that the proletariat is defined by the fact that the commodity they sell is not objectified labor, not a finished commodity, but labor power, the potential to labor. A movie star sells not labor power but a different commodity, their brand. The question of who is proletarian can be simply answered by which commodity they sell. Awoo made the good point that these actors might be called artisans, who sell finished commodities rather than labor power.
It's important first to disentangle the modern vernacular term of 'working class' from class definitions described in the 19th century. A proletarian is defined by their relation to the means of production, i.e. that they sell their labor for a wage and that is the primary source of their wealth. the term 'working class', on the other hand, is colloquial and not strictly defined (although I would remind everyone that all categories are fake.)
But beyond this, it's also important to consider that in the intervening couple centuries ownership of the means of production has had some innovations to manage the contradictions of capitalist production. For instance, there are a great many people who labor for a wage, but who have a significant amount of wealth invested in the stock market in the form of a 401(k) or an IRA. This blurs the lines somewhat, because while they have an interest in their wage and conditions etc. as a laborer, they now have an interest in the broad growth of the economy as well, which has a different relation to production.
So for an actor, we have to first establish exactly what the question we're asking is, and then evaluate what their primary relation to production is and how this affects their interests and how we might identify them as part of this or that class. I would argue that merely using the tools of yestercentury is insufficient to this task. I would also remind that class as described such is an analytic tool and not a direct means of determining whether someone is on this or that side of a divide or if they're 'good'.
A lot of good comments in this thread but this one is especially important, imo
Categories are abstract tools that can describe aspects of the world, but don't materially exist.
The aspects of the world that we try to understand through categorization are dynamic, thus the categories and signifiers we use must also be dynamic.
When using categories we should always remember that they are, by necessity, reductive; we are deliberately emphasizing variables we deem operative or useful, at the expense of others. Those unimportant variables may rise to importance or even dominance in certain situations or at different scales.
The words we use in everyday discussion and especially in introducing people to new concepts are just shorthand for (hopefully) much more complex concepts. A static two-class model is easier to teach, just like we might assume frictionless vacuums to teach intro to physics. But to actually use the science in the real world needs more than freshman-level concepts. Problematically, the same words get used at every level (e.g. proletariat and bourgeoisie) so there isn't like a semantic impetus to move into more complex understandings. A lot of people get stuck at that point.
We have to be very careful not to flip symbol and referent (falsely imbuing class signifiers with class character) or forget the core essence or purpose of our categories (using class character as a moral classification rather than a political-economic one).
If I'm talking to a normal person, yes. If I'm talking with an actor then no. Fuck them overgrowth theatre kids
I think most actors aspire to be working class but never get beyond lumpen stature. But because people love celebrities some actors get access to the elite and manage to leverage their fame to join their ranks.
any actor who has a lot of wealth isn't a worker anymore. so many of them(esp the successful actors) are also nepo babies who came from wealth. they are definitely in a unique situation but at some point when you have enough wealth and/or generational wealth, you're not really working class anymore. but that is an elite few actors who command that much wealth. Many do well but they aren't getting millions of dollars per film/episode.
Depends on how they use their money.
For the sake of simplicity I'm going to restrict this analysis to "famous actors".
The job of acting is working class, however it pays so highly that the actor has enough money to invest into things making them bourgeoisie or petty-bourgeoisie.
If they work doing acting and only use their acting money for life, without investing it into finance etc, they are working class.
Most of them do not restrict themselves to this, meaning they are not.
Determining who falls into which category can not be determined, therefore you have to go on a generalisation, are the majority investing their money into other things as business owners or stocks? I think they are, and therefore I say they are not proletarian. The ones that do not do this are proletarian however, but I can not determine who those are with any measure of certainty.
I would also go so far as to say that they themselves become a business if famous enough. Their public face, their voice, they are a brand. This too is not the proletarian experience.
Non-famous actors neither get paid enough nor have the same circumstances as the famous actors. They are all proletarian, until they're not, at worst they're petty-bourgeoisie who recognise themselves as a brand but have not built it into a true business yet.
I will go a further step and say that people truly invested in advancing the arts trend towards a disdain for the interference of money in their pursuit of furthering the arts. This tends to lean a lot of those people towards marxist sympathies.
they themselves become a business if famous enough. Their public face, their voice, they are a brand. This too is not the proletarian experience.
Yes thank you, this is absolutely essential and no one else brought it up. A famous actor does not figure in the market as a seller of labor-power but as a seller of their special commodity that is their brand and image. Hence they are bourgeois, maybe petite-bourgeois at best. The mere fact that they occasionally must labor does not at all make them proletarian.
A commodity is not only produced but reproduced, and in a market it could be reproduced by anyone with sufficient means of production — this is the foundation of the law of value! It is competition which makes the law of value possible, because it causes price to tend toward value, statistically, in the average. The law of value does not and cannot apply to a monopoly. When an actor is famous enough, they have created their own unique commodity which stands apart from the common labor-power.
Assuming they don't have employees or a team or invested capital I think they can kinda be like artisans but really really really rich ones. The artisan's fame and personal brand can have a similar effect. We don't really talk much about that class in the modern day but it's definitely still around.
Yeah I suppose artisan is the closest thing. Though I think of artisanry as an aspirational tendency inherent to competition itself, which spans all classes, even if historically it may have once formed a class.
A commodity owner who is new to the market is happy if their commodity is validated (through sale) as identical and exemplary of that type of commodity. For example, if a baker manages to sell a cake at the market rate, their labor validated not only as abstract labor, but as the particular labor of baking. Their labor is assimilated both with abstract universal labor of all industries, and also with the abstract particular labor of their particular industry. But competition from other bakers puts a downward pressure on their own labor. Thus it eventually becomes important to emphasize not similarity, but difference from the competition. That this happens not only with artisans, but also with the largest corporations in the world such as Apple who sell their Different Computers™, is obvious to everyone alive today, but the connection to basic Marxian categories is still often missed.
Purchasers of commodities (mainly capitalists), for their part, always have the opposite tendency of artisans. The interest of the buyer is to deny the artisan’s difference and to emphasize their interchangeability by any other in their industry.
This leads directly to the capitalist tendency to proliferate brands, e.g. 100 types of essentially identical peanut butter in the grocery aisle, which becomes so commonplace that people accustomed to this struggle to understand a socialist society that doesn’t demonstrate this excess.
Anyway in theory it might be possible that an actor works as a pure artisan, but in practice it never happens that way. The reason an actor builds a brand is for upward social mobility so that they can become bourgeois, just the same aspiration as any petty bourgeois.
If you don't own the means by which you work you're working class but that doesn't mean some workers aren't paid extravagantly at the expense of others
extravagantly at the expense of others
you'd have to do a bunch of weird accounting to determine this is actually happening rather than the owner stealing all the other surplus value.
No im pretty sure no individual deserves to make millions off a production because they have a pretty face and can act real good
no individual deserves to make millions off a production because they have a pretty face and can act real good
Most of the big names aren't even expected to act, just be a "face" that an audience can recognize.
No youtube/twitch etc. doesn't employ creatives for a wage, it's a freelancing platform that lets you compete for a performance bounty.
In my mind, if you need to sell your labor to survive, then you're a worker. If you don't you're a capitalist. There's small business owners that have a foot in both worlds, that get a little messy but thinking of it this way makes sense to me 🤷
So if an A-lister has enough money to not have to work I'd say they're a capitalist now even if they still choose to work.
In my eyes, they are workers, but in today’s environment they are vastly overvalued. For the ones with overly inflated salaries, they should have that money distributed amongst the others involved in the works they’re involved in.
I can see how one can see them as Bourgeoisie. In the end, for them to make their overly inflated salaries, they are exploiting all of the folks behind the scenes to make such sums of money. Not much different from a factory owner if you think about it.
I could be way off on this. I’m just giving my unadulterated thoughts on the matter.
yes... believe it or not actors dont get paid that much. the movies/show they act in then gives them some exposure and opportunities and then they tend to become greedy/capitalist but actors are working class because they wont eat if they dont have work.
furthermore, acting is often very brutal as a profession.
Actors are a hyper-complex subclass (speaking of the US, probably also true elsewhere). You've got the usual layers of complexity that most workers in the US have, like imperialism, racialization, etc, and the relationship between higher income and having marginal access to pre-defined systems of capital.
But also, their labor is wholly superstructual, both in the sense of what it produces (which is usually a mistake to put too much weight into) and its relation to the superstructural reproduction of the dominant ideology. This local worker-owner dynamic has a unique relationship with the larger worker-owner dynamic of the nation/world. This might be a contributing factor for its level of unionization compared to other sectors.
There are also the gradients between being in the reserve army of labor or otherwise employed*, versus selling their labor (dominant variable for the majority of working actors), versus selling their image (dominant variable for highly successful actors). The nature and duration of those experiences are going to color someone's outlook, in addition to whatever immediate material interests they give them.
And there's all sorts of selection happening regarding who gets to enter the actor subclass and where on the above scale they land, from lookism and the usual social classes, to basic resources like fucking rent in LA, to networking access, and even explicit political ones like McCarthyism.
As a whole, the section of working actors as well as reserve army of actors can probably be grouped with rest of the US proletariat for general purposes. Every sector is going to have its particularities, though.
*And the class character here can have a strong influence, like how a lot of struggling or formerly struggling actors have experienced the service industry, which may leave them with an echo of radical class politics even if their immediate interests change.
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