Withdrawing cash from the ATM is subjected to additional fees (even if you have a "feeless" card, there are other charges). Depending on the ATM in question, there's DCC meaning it shows up a prompt whether to accept the ATM's flat rate for conversion or continue without DCC (your bank is handling forex instead). There are alternatives such as Wise or Revolut (for multi-currency accounts).
Currency exchanges are a mixed bag (NEVER USE THE ONES AT AIRPORTS AS THEY RIP YOU OFF). You can go contactless throughout the entire trip (but at least have physical money on hand, in case). You get a smaller cut from the "market" rate referenced online. For instance: if you exchanged $1000 (861€) for Euros, you receive 795€ depending on the place, why is money lost upon conversion?
Also, expensive currencies I've encountered whilst traveling are: UAE Dirham & Kuwaiti Dinar for example since I have a rough idea on how much to withdraw (in order to not exceed my balance). Getting AED 1000 (234€ / $272) is expensive despite using a card without forex fees. That came out as a single bill upon being withdrawn from an ATM in Dubai, will stores accept it for small transactions?
Have you traveled abroad and withdrawn cash where it only consists of one bill (the highest denomination) due to how valuable the currency is (i.e. Omani Rial)? Or the reverse, withdrawn cash where it ends up being a reasonable stack due the currency's value being shit (inflated) like Vietnamese Dong? The reason why Japan is popular for travelers besides anime is the Yen's value has gotten weaker.