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submitted 2 years ago* (last edited 2 years ago) by to c/linux@lemmy.ml
 
 

You're about to take your first steps in the wonderful world of Linux, but you're overwhelmed by the amount of choices? Welcome to this (I hope) very simple guide :)

The aim of this guide is to provide simple, clear information to ease your transition as a beginner. This is not a be-all-end-all guide nor an advanced guide. Because there is a lot of info and explanations everywhere, I will often (over-)simplify so as to keep the information accessible and digestible. Please refrain from asking to add your favorite distro/DE in the comments, I feel there is too much choice already ;)

Preamble

Make sure your hardware is compatible

Nowadays most relatively recent hardware works perfectly fine on Linux, but there are some edge cases still. If you don't use niche hardware and your wifi card is supported, chances are you're golden. Please note that nVidia is a bad faith player in the Linux world, so if you have a GeForce GPU, expect some trouble.

Make sure your favourite apps are either available or have a good replacement on Linux

If some proprietary app is essential to your workflow and is irreplaceable, consider running it in a VM, keeping a Windows partition for it or try and run it through Wine (this is advanced stuff though).

Be aware that Linux is not Windows/MacOS

Things work differently, and this is normal. You will probably struggle at the beginning while adjusting to a new paradigm. You may have to troubleshoot some things. You may break some things in the process. You will probably get frustrated at some point or another. It's okay. You're learning something new, and it can be hard to shed old habits forged by years on another system.

When in doubt, search for documentation

Arch Wiki is one of the greatest knowledge bases about Linux. Despite being heavily tied to Arch, most of its content is readily usable to troubleshoot most modern distros, as the building blocks (Kernel, systemd, core system apps, XOrg/Wayland, your DE of choice etc.) are the same. Most distros also maintain their own knowledge base.

Understanding the Linux world

What is Linux?

Linux, in the strictest definition, is the kernel, ie. the core component that, among other things, orchestrates and handles all interactions between hardware and software, of a large family of operating systems that, by metonymy, are called "Linux". In general understanding, Linux is any one of these operating systems, called distros.

What is a distro?

A distro, short for "Software Distribution", is a cohesive ensemble of software, providing a full operating system, maintained by a single team. Generally, all of them tend to provide almost the same software and work in a very similar way, but there are major philosophical differences that may influence your choice.

What are the main differences between distros?

As said above, there are a lot of philosophical differences between distros that lead to practical differences. There are a lot of very different ways the same software can be distributed.

  • "Point Release" (OpenSUSE Leap) vs. "Rolling Release" (OpenSUSE Tumbleweed): Point release distros are like traditional software. They have numbered releases, and between each one no feature updates take place, only security updates and bug fixes. Rolling Release distros package and distribute software as soon as it's available upstream (the software developer's repos), meaning that there are no versions and no specific schedule.
  • "Stable" (Debian Stable) vs. "Bleeding edge" (Arch): Stable distros are generally point release, and focus on fixing bugs and security flaws at the expense of new features. Each version goes through a lenghty period of feature freeze, testing and bug fixing before release. Stability here not only means trouble-free operation, but more importantly consistent behavior over time. Things won't evolve, but things won't break. At least until the next release. Bleeding edge distros, which often follow the rolling release model (there are outliers like Fedora which are mostly bleeding edge yet have point releases), on the other hand, are permanently evolving. By constantly pushing the latest version of each software package, new features, new bugs, bug fixes, security updates and sometimes breaking changes are released continuously. Note that this is not a binary, there is a very large continuum between the stablest and the most bleeding edge distro.
  • "Community" (Fedora) vs. "Commercial" (RHEL): Despite the name, Community distros are not only maintained by volunteers, but can also be developed by some company's employees and can be sponsored by commercial entities. However, the main difference with Commercial distros is that they're not a product destined to be sold. Commercial distros like Red Hat's RHEL, SuSE Linux Enterprise or Ubuntu Pro are (supposed to be) fully maintained by their company's employees and target businesses with paid support, maintenance, fixes, deployment, training etc.
  • "x package manager" vs. "y package manager", "x package format" vs. "y package format": It doesn't matter. Seriously. apt, dnf or pacman, to name a few, all have the exact same purpose: install and update software on your system and manage dependencies.
  • "general purpose" (Linux Mint) vs. "niche" (Kali Linux): General purpose distros are just that: distros that can do pretty much anything. Some are truly general purpose (like Debian), and have no bias towards any potential use, be it for a server, a desktop/laptop PC, some IOT or embedded devices, containers etc., some have various flavors depending on intended use (like Fedora Workstation for desktops and Fedora Server for, you guessed it, servers) but are still considered general purpose. They aim for maximum hardware compatibility and broad use cases. At the opposite end, niche distros are created for very specific and unique use cases, like pentesting (Kali), gaming (Nobara), music production (AV Linux) etc. They tend to have a lot of specific tools preinstalled, nonstandard defaults or modified kernels that may or may not work properly outside of their inteded use case.
  • "team" (Any major distro) vs. "single maintainer" (Nobara): Pretty self explanatory. Some distros are maintained by a single person or a very small group of people. These distros do not usually last very long.
  • "traditional" (Fedora Workstation) vs. "atomic" (Fedora Silverblue): In traditional distros, everything comes from a package. Every single component is individually installable, upgradeable, and deletable. Updating a package means deleting its previous version and replacing it with a new one. A power failure during an update lead to a partial upgrade and can make a system unbootable. Maybe a new package was bad and breaks something. Almost nothing prevents an unsuspecting user from destroying a core component. To mitigate risks and ensure a coherent system at each boot, atomic (also called transactional or immutable) distros, pioneered by Fedora Silverblue and Valve's SteamOS, were born. Like mobile phone OSes, the base system is a single image, that gets installed, alongside the current running version and without modifying it, and becomes active at the next reboot. As updates are isolated from one another, if the new version doesn't work the user can easily revert to a previous, functional version. Users are expected to install Flatpaks or use Distrobox, as installing (layering) packages is not as straightforward as with standard distros.
  • "OG" (Debian) vs. "derivative" (Ubuntu): Original distros are directly downstream of their components' source code repositories, and do most of the heavy lifting. Because of the tremendous amount of work it represents, only a few distros like Debian, Arch, Slackware or Fedora have the history, massive community and sometimes corporate financial backing to do this. Other distros reuse most packages from those original distros and add, replace or modify some of them for differenciation. For example, Debian is the parent of almost all deb-based distros like Ubuntu, which itself is the parent of distros like Mint or Pop!_OS.

What are the main components of a distro, ie. a Linux-based operating system?

All distros provide, install and maintain, among other things, the following components:

  • Boot and core system components (these are generally out-of-scope for beginners, unless you need to fix something, but you should at least know they exist):
    • A boot manager (GRUB, systemd_init, etc.): Boots the computer after the motherboard POSTs, lets you choose what to start
    • An init system (systemd, etc.): Starts everything needed to run the computer, including the kernel
    • A kernel (Linux): Has control over everything, main interface for software to discuss with hardware
  • Command-line environment, to interact with he computer in text mode:
    • A shell (bash, zsh, fish etc.): The main interface for command-line stuff
    • Command-line tools (GNU, etc.): Standard suite of command-line tools + default tools chosen by the distro maintainers
    • User-installable command-line tools and shells
  • Graphical stack for desktop/laptop computers:
    • Display servers (X11, Wayland compositors): Handle drawing stuff on screens
    • A Desktop environment (Plasma, Gnome, XFCE etc.): The main graphical interface you'll interact with everyday.
    • User-facing applications (browsers, text processors, drawing software etc.): Some are generally installed by default and/or are part of a desktop environment's suite of software, most are user-installable.
  • A package manager (apt, dnf, pacman, yast etc.): Installs, deletes, updates and manages dependencies of all software installed on the machine.

Which are the main Desktop Environments and which one should I choose?

As a new user, this is basically the only thing you should concern yourself about: choosing a first Desktop environment. After all, it will be your main interface for the weeks/years to come. It's almost as important as choosing your first distro. These are a few common choices that cater to different tastes:

  • Gnome: Full featured yet very minimalist, Gnome is a great DE that eschews the traditional Desktop metaphor. Like MacOS, out of the box, it provides its strongly opinionated developers' vision of a user experience. Fortunately, unlike MacOS, there are thousands of extensions to tweak and extend the looks and behaviour of the DE. Dash-to-dock or Dash-to-panel are great if you want a more MacOS-like or Windows-like experience, Blur My Shell is great if you love blurry transparent things, Appindicator is a must, and everything else is up to you. Gnome's development cycle is highly regular and all core components and apps follow the same release schedule, which explains why a lot of distros choose it as their default DE.
  • KDE Plasma: Full featured and maximalist, Plasma does not cater to a single design philosophy, is very flexible and can be tweaked almost ad infinitum. This may be an advantage for people who like to spend hours making the perfect environment, or a disadvantage as the possibilities can be overwhelming, and the added complexity may compromise stability, bugginess or completeness. There is not yet a single development cycle for core components and apps, which makes it a bit more difficult for distro maintainers and explains why there are so few distros with Plasma as the flagship DE. The KDE team is however evolving towards a more regular update cycle.
  • Cinnamon: Forked from Gnome 3 by the Linux Mint team who disliked the extreme change of user experience it introduced, Cinammon provides a very traditional, "windows-like", desktop-metaphor experience in a more modern software stack than the older DEs it takes inspiration from. Cinnamon still keeps a lot in common with Gnome by being simple and easy to use, yet heavily modifiable with themes, applets and extensions.
  • Lightweight DEs for old or underpowered machines: The likes of XFCE, LXDE, LXQt are great if you want to ressurect an old machine, but lack the bells and whistles of the aforementioned DEs. If your machine is super old, extremely underpowered and has less than a few Gb of RAM, don't expect miracles though. A single browser tab can easily dwarf the RAM usage and processing power of your entire system.

As for which one you should choose, this is entirely up to you, and depends on your preferences. FYI, you are not married to your distro's default desktop environment. It's just what comes preinstalled. You can install alternative DEs on any distro, no need to reinstall and/or distro-hop.

How do I install stuff on Linux?

Forget what you're used to do on Windows of MacOS: searching for your software in a seach engine, finding a big "Download" button on a random website and running an installer with administator privileges. Your package manager not only keeps you system up to date, but also lets you install any software that's available in your distro's repositories. You don't even need to know the command line, Gnome's Software or Plasma's Discover are nice graphical "App Stores" that let you find and install new software.

Flatpak are a great and more recent recent alternative to distro packages that's gaining a lot of traction, and is increasingly integrated by default to the aforementioned App Stores. It's basically a "universal" package manager system thet sits next to your system, that lets software developers directly distribute their own apps instead of offloading the packaging and distribution to distro maintainers.

Choosing a first distro

As discussed before, there is a metric fuckload (or 1.112 imperial fucktons) of distros out there. I advise you to keep it as mainstream as possible for your first steps. A distro with a large user base, backed by a decently large community of maintainers and contributors and aimed at being as fuss-free as possible is always better than a one-person effort tailored to a specific use-case. Choose a distro that implements well the DE of your choice.

What are great distros for beginners?

The following are great distros for beginners as well as more advanced users who just want to have a system that needs almost no configuration out of the box, just works and stays out of the way. Always read the installation documentation thoroughly before attempting anything, and follow any post-install requirements (for example, installing restricted-licence drivers on Fedora).

  • Fedora Workstation: Clean, sensible, modern and very up to date and should work out of the box for most hardware. Despite being sponsored by Red Hat (who are getting a lot of justified hate for moving RHEL away from open-source), this is a great community distro for both beginners and very advanced users (including the Linus Torvalds). Fedora is the flagship distro for the Gnome Desktop Environment, but also has a fantastic Plasma version. Keywords: Point Release, close to Bleeding Edge, Community, dnf/rpm, large maintainer team, traditional, original.
  • Linux Mint: Mint is an Ubuntu (or Debian for the LMDE variant) derivative for beginners and advanced users alike, that keeps Ubuntu's hardware support and ease of use while reverting its shenanigans and is Cinammon's flagship distro. Its main goal is to be a "just works" distro. Keywords: Point Release, halfway between Stable and Bleeding Edge, Community, apt/deb, smallish maintainer team but lots of contributors, traditional, derivative (Ubuntu or Debian).
  • Pop!_OS: Backed by hardware Linux vendor System76, this is another Ubuntu derivative that removes Snaps in favor or Flatpaks. Its heavily modified Gnome DE looks and feels nice. In a few months/years, it will be the flagship distro for the -promising but still in development- Cosmic DE. Keywords: Point Release, halfway between Stable and Bleeding Edge, commercially-backed Community, apt/deb, employee's maintainer team, traditional, derivative (Ubuntu).
  • If you want something (advertised as) zero-maintenance, why not go the Atomic way? They are still very new and there isn't a lot of support yet because they do things very differently than regular distros, but if they wort OOTB on your system, they should work reliably forever. Sensible choices are uBlue's Aurora (Plasma), Bluefin (Gnome) or Bazzite (gaming-ready), which are basically identical to Fedora's atomic variants but include (among other things) restricted-licence codecs and QOL improvements by default, or OpenSUSE's Aeon (Gnome). Keywords: Point Release, Bleeding Edge, Community, rpm-ostree, large maintainer team, Atomic, sub-project (Fedora/OpenSUSE).

Which power-user distros should I avoid as a beginner, unless I reaaaally need to understand everything instead of being productive day one?

These are amongst the very best but should not be installed as your first distro, unless you like extremely steep learning curves and being overwhelmed.

  • Debian Stable: as one of the oldest, still maintained distros and the granddaddy of probably half of the distros out there, Debian is built like a tank. A very stringent policy of focusing on bug and security fixes over new features makes Debian extremely stable and predictable, but it can also feel quite outdated. Still a rock-solid experience, with a lot to tinker with despite very sensible defaults. It is an incredible learning tool and is as "Standard Linux" as can be. Debian almost made the cut to "beginner" distros because of its incredible reliability and massive amount of documentation available, but it might be a bit too involved for an absolute beginner to configure to perfection. Keywords: Point Release, Stable as fuck, Community, apt/deb, large maintainer team, traditional, original.
  • Arch: The opposite of Debian in philosophy, packages often come to Arch almost as soon as the source code is released. Expect a lot of manual installation and configuration, daily updates, and regularly fixing stuff. An incredible learning tool too, that will make you intimate with the inner workings of Linux. The "Arch btw" meme of having to perform every single install step by hand has taken a hit since Arch has had a basic but functional installer for a few years now, which is honestly a good thing. I work in sofware. A software engineer who does every single tedious task manually instead of automating it is a shit software engineer. A software engineer who prides themself from doing every single tedious task manually should seriously reconsider their career choices. Arch's other main appeal is the Arch User Repository or AUR, a massive collection of user-created, automated install scripts for pretty much anything. Keywords: Rolling Release, Bleeding-edge, Community, pacman/pkg, large maintainer team, traditional, original.

Which distro should I avoid, period?

  • Ubuntu: despite having a huge mind-share as the beginner distro, Ubuntu suffers from it's parent company's policy to make Ubuntu kinda-Linux-but-not-really and a second-rate citizen compared to their Ubuntu Pro commercial product. Some of the worst takes in recent years have been pushing Snaps super agressively in order to get some "vendor-lock-in", proprietary walled-garden ecosystem with exclusive commercial apps, forcibly installing snaps even when explicitely asking for a .deb package through apt, baking ads and nags into major software or only delivering critical security patches to Pro customers. Fortunately, there are some great derivatives like Mint or Pop!_OS cited above that work equally well but revert some of the most controversial decisions made by Canonical.
  • Manjaro: Manjaro might seem appealing as a "user-friendlier" Arch derivative and some of its tools are fantastic to remove some configuration burden, but ongoing mismanagement issues and the fact that it needs Arch-style regular maintenance as updates often break stuff prevent it from being a truly beginner distro. Manjaro also has a highly irregular update schedule that's weeks behind Arch, making using the AUR extremely dangerous, as it always expects a fully up-to-date Arch system.
  • Any single-maintainer or tiny team distros like Nobara or CachyOS. They might be fantastic distros made by exceptional people (I have mad respect for Nobara's maintainer Glorious Eggroll and his work on Proton-GE), they are most often derivatives so the heavy lifting is already done by their parent distro's maitainers, but there is too much risk involved. Sometimes life happens, sometimes people move on to other projects, and dozens of small distros get abandonned every year, leaving their users dead in the water. Trusting larger teams is a much safer bet in the long term.
  • Anything that refuse to use standards for ideological reasons like Alpine Linux, Devuan or Artix. Don't get me wrong, not using any GNU tools or systemd is a cool technological feat and developing alternatives to the current consensus is how things evolve. However, these standard tools have a long history, hundreds if not thousands of maintainers and are used by millions, meaning there's a huge chance your specific issue is already solved. Refusing to use them should be reserved to very advanced users who perfectly understand what they're gaining and losing. As a beginner to intermediate level, it will at best make most of the documentation out there irrelevant, at worst make your life a miserable hell if you need to troubleshoot anything.

Philosophical questions, or "I've seen people arguing over the Internet and now I'm scared"

You've done your research, you're almost ready to take the plunge, you even read a lot of stuff on this very community or on the other website that starts with a "R", but people seem very passionately for or against stuff. What should you do?

Shoud I learn the command line?

Yes, eventually. To be honest, nowadays a lot of things can be configured on the fly graphically, through your DE's settings. But sometimes, it's much more efficient to work on the command line, and sometimes it's the only way to fix something. It's not that difficult, and you can be reasonably productive by understanding just about a dozen very simple commands.

I have a very old laptop/desktop, should I use a distro from its era?

Noooo!. Contrary to Windows and MacOS which only work correctly on period-correct computers, Linux runs perfectly well on any hardware from the last 20 to 30 years. You will not gain performance by using an old distro, but you will gain hundreds of critical security flaws that have been since corrected. If you need to squeeze performance out of an old computer, use a lightweight graphical environment or repurpose it as a headless home server. If it's possible, one of the best ways to breathe new life into an old machine is to add some RAM, as even lightweight modern sofware will struggle with less than a few Gb.

Should I be concerned about systemd?

No. In short, systemd is fine and all major distros have switched to systemd years ago. Even the extremely cautious people behind Debian have used systemd as default since 2015. Not wanting to use systemd is a niche more rooted in philosophical and ideological rather than practical or technical reasons, and leads to much deeper issues than you should concern yourself with as a beginner.

Should I be concerned about XOrg/Wayland?

Yes and No, but mostly No. First off, most distros install both Wayland and XOrg by default, so if one is not satisfying to you, try the other. Remember in the preamble when I said nVidia was a bad actor? Well, most of people's complaints about Wayland are because of nVidia and their shitty drivers, so GTX/RTX users should stay on XOrg for now. But like it or not, XOrg is dead and unmaintained, and Wayland is the present and future. XOrg did too many things, carried too many features from the 80's and 90's and its codebase is a barely maintainable mess. X11 was born in a time when mainframes did most of the heavy lifting and windows were forwarded over a local network to dumb clients. X11 predates the Internet and has basically no security model. Wayland solves that by being a much simpler display protocol with a much smaller feature set adapted to modern computing and security. The only downside is that some very specific functionalities based on decades of X11 hacking and absolute lack of security can be lost.

I want to play some games, should I look for a gaming distro?

No. General purpose distros are perfectly fine for gaming. You can install Steam, Lutris, Heroic, Itch etc. and use Proton just fine on almost anything. Even Debian. In short, yes, you can game on Linux, there are great tutorials on the internet.

Should I be concerned about Flatpaks and/or Snaps vs. native packages?

Not really. Flatpaks are great, and more and more developers package their apps directly in Flatpak format. As a rule of thumb, for user facing applications, if your app store gives you the choice between Flatpak and your native package manager version, choose the most recent stable version and/or the one packaged by the developer themselves (which should often be the Flatpak anyway). Snaps however are kinda bad. They are a Canonical/Ubuntu thing, so as long as you avoid Ubuntu, its spins and its derivatives that still include Snaps, you should be fine. They tend to take a lot longer to startup than regular apps or Flatpaks, the snap store is proprietary, centralized and Canonical controls every part of it. Also, Canonical is very aggressive in pushing snaps to their users, even forcing them even when they want to install an apt package. If you don't care, have fun.

I need/want program "x", but it is only available on distro "y" and not on mine. I've been told to ditch my beloved distro and install the other one, should I?

No. Generally, most software is intallable from your distro's package manager and/or Flatpak. But sometimes, your distro doesn't package this program you need, or an inconsiderate developer only distributes a random .deb on their Github release page. Enter Distrobox. It is a very simple, easy to use command line tool that automates the creation of other Linux distros containers using Docker or Podman (basically, tiny, semi-independant Linuxes that live inside your regular Linux), and lets you "export" programs installed inside these containers to you main system so you can run them as easily and with almost the same performance as native programs. Some atomic distros like uBlue's variants even include it by default. That .deb we've talked about before? Spin a Debian container and dpkg install the shit out of it. Absolutely need the AUR? Spin an Arch container and go to town.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to everyone who helped improve this guide: @GravitySpoiled@lemmy.ml, @tkn@startrek.website, @throwaway2@lemmy.today, @cerement@slrpnk.net, @kzhe@lemm.ee, @freijon@feddit.ch, @aarroyoc@lemuria.es, @SexualPolytope@lemmy.sdf.org, @Plopp@lemmy.world, @bsergay@discuss.online ...and many others who chimed in in the comments <3

Link to version 1: https://lemm.ee/post/15895051

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TLDR: Which distro is better for gaming and video editing (NVIDIA GPU), CachyOS or Ubuntu?

Hi! It's been probably a month since I started using Linux (escaping from Windows), and I choose LMDE since the distro that I felt aligned more with what I want from a distro on in general is Debian, but since it was my first time using Linux on my main device (just tried Debian on a laptop to run a Homelab) I got recommended Mint to make it easier for me to adapt. The thing is that since I started using LMDE I've discovered that it doesn't cover perfectly my needs. Two things that I didn't want to lose when switching to Linux were gaming and the ability to run video/audio/photo editing programs flawlessly, mainly DaVinci Resolve and AffinityPhoto. It's been practically impossible to achieve that, since DaVinci doesn't work, can't even get to install AffinityPhoto and some videogames need more recent (NVIDIA) drivers than what Debian and of course LMDE can offer. So, seeing that I want to keep LMDE (and maybe in the future upgrade from LMDE to Debian) but at the same time I'm not willing to give up on those 2 things, I believe the dual-boot option is the one that suits me the most. Now, what I'm here for. I've been doing some research and the ones that caught my atention the most were CachyOS and Ubuntu:

  • CachyOS: PROS: · High gaming performance and (looks like) compatibility. · Looks like DaVinci works perfectly for a lot of people (although some other people claim having issues). CONS: · Sounds too complex as a distro for someone who has close to zero programming knowledge and just started using Linux. · The rolling release aspect feels a little scary too.

  • Ubuntu: PROS: · May not be THE gaming distro but it seems to be working for a lot of people without having extensive programming or Linux knowledge. · Generally may be more compatible and stable than CachyOS in general · Seems it will be easier for me to adapt to since it's Debian-based. CONS: · Doesn't seem as good as CachyOS on a performance standpoint, affecting both video editing and gaming capabilities.

Now, my questions would be: Am I mistaken in any of the info I have revolving these two distros? Could I be missing any other options? Which do you think is the distro that could suit me the most? Any recommendation when doing the Dual-boot? I have never done it and it scares me a little tbh.

My main priority is having a stable (and compatible in the first place, of course) experience (maybe Ubuntu?), but I don't mind having to put more work into it to achieve a better experience (maybe CachyOS?).

I would love to hear from you and, of course, if I'm missing any relevant information I'll be more than happy to share it too.

Thank you very much! :D

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PRAGUE — At Open Source Summit Europe, Dr. Laura Dornheim, Munich’s chief digital officer, said in her keynote speech that Munich abandoned its LiMux Linux desktop deployment for Windows over a decade ago because of politics, but now it’s returning to open-source software.

It’s not returning to the Linux desktop, however — not yet, anyway. Instead, it’s switching its infrastructure programs from proprietary software to open-source software. For example, it’s replacing VMware with Proxmox, moving from Jira and Confluence to OpenProject and XWiki, and adopting PostgreSQL as an alternative to Oracle databases.

The two infrastructure and collaboration migrations alone are expected to save roughly €1.5 million or more annually.

Taken together, these projects illustrate the difference between Munich’s first Linux campaign and its current approach. Rather than making desktop Linux its center pole, the city is replacing individual layers of proprietary infrastructure where it can make a practical case.

So, this comeback is not a wholesale resurrection of LiMux, the Debian/Kubuntu Linux desktop project that made Munich the Linux desktop standard-bearer between 2003 and 2013. Besides, Dornheim added, dealing with the elephant in the room, “So [if LiMux] was a success, why is it not alive anymore? Not because of technical issues.” So, what changed?

Dornheim explained it was all politics. “Open source in the public sector doesn’t fail because of technical issues. It mostly fails because it’s not aligned with the political agenda.” She continued that Munich had switched away from Linux because a new government got Microsoft to agree to make Munich the headquarters for Microsoft Germany.

The lesson from LiMux is that technical capability isn’t enough, she continued. Open-source projects also need durable political support.

From Linux pioneer back to Windows

Munich’s original move began as Windows NT 4.0 neared the end of support. Yes, that was over 20 years ago. In May 2003, its council voted to migrate to a tailor-made Linux distribution, LiMux.

The rollout began in earnest in 2006. By December 2013, Munich had completed the migration with more than 14,800 desktops running LiMux. A European Commission Open Source Observatory case study reported savings of about €11 million because the city dumped Windows.

LiMux became the leading example that a large city could operate Linux desktops and open-source office software. It also exposed the difficulty of changing a sprawling government IT environment, particularly when Microsoft Office documents, legacy workflows, PDF use, and user expectations remained tied to proprietary systems.

The political climate changed after Munich’s 2014 municipal election. By November 2017, the council had voted to reverse course and return its computers to Windows, with a target of 2020. The office-suite transition took longer. Indeed, the migration from LibreOffice to Microsoft Office wasn’t completed until 2023.

So, despite what you may have heard, this was not a case of “Linux failed.” It didn’t. It was politics, pure and simple.

Where Munich goes from here

Today, Germany’s third-largest city is targeting proprietary platforms where open-source alternatives can deliver financial savings, greater control, and software that other municipalities can reuse. Digital sovereignty matters, but that’s not the primary driver in Munich.

That said, Dornheim noted that a cloud transition to Azure without sufficient assurance from Microsoft of General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance would require the city to scrutinize who could use each tool. This management overheard didn’t help make a case for staying with Microsoft. It’s also a clear example of how digital sovereignty has become both an important technical and political issue.

Dornheim added that her answer to getting politicians to support open-source software in the long run is to connect open source with priorities they understand. These include budgets, public services, and the ability to make software available across the administration.

She added that Munich’s current IT strategy is to ensure open-source software functions well without losing the political support needed to sustain it. It certainly helps that, thanks to the shift to open-source software, “We are saving roughly a million euros a year. So that’s again a great win, not just for us, for our belief in public and public code, but also for the politicians in Munich.

The open-source return started with infrastructure

The new Munich IT plan also embraced the “public money, public code” principle: software developed with public funding should, where appropriate, be available for others to inspect, use, and improve. The commitment applied to newly acquired or developed software even as the earlier Windows migration continued.

Dornheim, who became Munich’s CDO in September 2022, has not treated that policy as a mandate for a third administration-wide operating-system upheaval. Supporting institutions have also changed. Munich established an Open Source Program Office in 2024. This added a dedicated structure for coordinating its open-source work. Its public software portal presents the city’s approach in three categories: Use existing open-source software, improve it, and publish software that the city develops itself.

That’s a broader commitment than just replacing Windows with a Linux distro. Munich is now an open-source software development participant, not simply a customer choosing between licenses.

Software that other cities can use

There are several examples of Munich sharing its software. One such is DAVe, Munich’s application for documenting and analyzing traffic data. In use since 2021, the software has also been adopted by Wolfsburg, Germany.

Dornheim said such collaboration should become routine rather than depend on another city discovering a suitable project. “I think these matches shouldn’t just happen sort of by accident, but there needs to be a structure across the whole public sector. It’s on my wish list.”

Munich’s work also includes MUCGPT, a municipal AI application that enables employees to access large language model (LLM) capabilities. This helps with writing and proofreading emails.

The city is also investing in the open-source ecosystem. Its Open Source Sabbatical program supports developers working on open-source projects. The broader purpose is to support improvements and funding components used in open-source municipal services.

Put it all together, and Munich’s open-source approach is no longer simply about the Linux desktop. Instead, it’s all about Munich reducing its dependence on proprietary software, controlling costs, and turning publicly funded software into a reusable public asset. So far, the city’s doing well.

4
 
 

CachyOS has taken the Linux world by storm lately. It’s currently one of the most popular Linux distros, and for good reason — it’s fast, polished, and, most importantly, reliable. I’ve used it myself, and I can see why so many people, especially Linux gamers, are fans of it. That said, if I were building a Linux gaming system, I’d choose Bazzite over CachyOS, and it boils down to one key reason.

CachyOS is a solid gaming distro

Giving credit where it’s due

CachyOS is an Arch-made-easy distro, giving you all the benefits of Arch without the technical hassle. You get a proper graphical installer to streamline the setup process, while the CachyOS Hello app offers one-click access to routine maintenance tasks like updating mirrors, installing gaming packages, adjusting system settings, and more.

That said, the real reason behind CachyOS’s astronomical rise to fame is its performance. The distro ships with its own custom Linux kernel, aptly named the CachyOS kernel, which is optimized for modern x86-64 processors. The official repositories also contain packages compiled for these architectures to take advantage of the CPU-specific optimizations.

All these optimizations help CachyOS squeeze more performance out of your hardware, making it a great choice for gamers. With the same hardware, you may see higher frame rates, better 1 percent lows, and more responsive gameplay compared with other Linux distros. Granted, the gains aren't anything extraordinary — CachyOS won't magically make a game that was otherwise unplayable run smoothly on your hardware — but the extra performance is certainly nice to have.

But it’s still an Arch-based distro

Performance matters, but so does reliability

CachyOS is based on Arch Linux, and there's a reason Arch isn't generally recommended for Linux newcomers. You see, Arch is a rolling-release distro, which means package updates become available as soon as they're released. This is usually good news for gamers because they get quick access to the latest features and performance improvements. However, it also introduces additional maintenance overhead.

You're expected to update your system regularly, ideally weekly or at least every couple of weeks. If you put off updates for too long, you might run into problems when you finally update, including keyring errors, outdated mirror lists, and other technical conflicts.

There's also the fact that constantly dealing with cutting-edge software can affect system stability. While most updates go smoothly, a buggy update can occasionally break something when you least expect it. It might be a driver, your desktop environment, or even a package dependency that causes your games to stop launching. When that happens, it's on you to figure out what went wrong and fix it.

Granted, CachyOS does provide a safety net for buggy updates and system breakages. It uses the Btrfs file system alongside Snapper to take snapshots before every system update. This way, if an update introduces bugs or breaks your system, you can roll back to a previous working snapshot. It's certainly a useful feature, and one that makes many rolling-release distros more viable for daily use.

Reliability by recovery vs. reliability by design

It's worth pointing out that snapshots are a recovery tool, not a way to prevent breakage in the first place. You still have to deal with a broken system and know how to boot into the appropriate snapshot. There's also a limit to what snapshots cover. By default, Snapper only takes snapshots of the preconfigured subvolumes, which typically include the root file system — not the home directory where your games live.

Now, yes, you can technically configure snapshots for your home directory, but doing so requires a lot of care and attention. Depending on your setup, rolling back personal files could also revert game saves, settings, and other documents alongside the changes you're trying to undo, which is a disaster in its own right.

For someone who's comfortable with Linux, all of this is manageable. However, for someone who has just switched from Windows to Linux to play games, it's a lot of unnecessary technical hassle.

Bazzite is far more reliable and beginner-friendly

It’s a distro designed to be fool-proof

Bazzite is another popular distro for Linux gaming. However, unlike CachyOS, it uses Fedora's Atomic Desktops as its base, offering a balance of stability and up-to-date software. These desktops use an image-based approach to system updates. Instead of updating individual system packages, Bazzite downloads an updated system image, prepares it as a separate deployment, and activates it after a reboot.

This sort of atomic update ensures that system updates are applied as a whole. If something goes wrong during an update, you can boot back into the previous deployment. This reduces the risk of partial updates and dependency conflicts, significantly lowering the chances of system breakage caused by failed updates.

What's more, Bazzite is an immutable distro, which means its core system is read-only. You can't freely modify the base system files as you would on a traditional Linux distro. This prevents applications and packages from casually modifying the underlying system, making Bazzite more resilient to accidental changes and the resulting breakages that can occur on other distros like CachyOS.

Bazzite's immutable nature also means you can't install apps and packages as freely as you can on other distros, since doing so involves modifying the core system. However, this generally isn't a problem for gaming since Steam and Lutris come preinstalled, and you can install your games through these launchers.

Furthermore, you can install system-level RPM packages using rpm-ostree, although this approach is generally discouraged. Instead, you're expected to use Flatpak for traditional desktop apps, Homebrew for command line apps, and Distrobox for software that needs a traditional package manager.

Overall, for someone who just wants to install Linux and play games without worrying too much about maintaining their OS, Bazzite is the more beginner-friendly choice.

Bazzite gives you the console experience

The way I see it, Bazzite offers more of a plug-and-play console gaming experience, which is perfect for casual gamers who aren't interested in worrying about the technicalities of Linux. In fact, you can install Bazzite's HTPC variant, which boots straight into Steam Gaming Mode, giving you a console-like experience based on Steam's Big Picture Mode. From there, you can simply install your Steam games and play them without ever having to worry about the Linux distro underneath.

In comparison, CachyOS is closer to traditional PC gaming. It gives you plenty of options but expects you to be tech-savvy enough to make the most of them and patient enough to troubleshoot problems if and when things go wrong. It certainly gives you more control over the OS, and if you enjoy that, CachyOS is going to be the better distro for you.

However, I just want a system that works. I have limited free time, and I'd rather spend it playing games than optimizing a system for gaming.

5
GNOME 51.1 is released (9to5linux.com)
submitted 10 hours ago* by to c/linux@lemmy.ml
6
 
 

Yes, you read that correctly. Microsoft is bringing its Defender security software to Linux desktops. The company has announced that Microsoft Defender for Endpoint now officially supports Linux desktop environments, with the feature currently available in public preview.

And before anyone starts wondering whether Microsoft has suddenly decided that every Linux user needs antivirus software, there’s an important distinction. This isn’t the consumer version of Defender familiar to Windows users. Instead, it’s Microsoft’s enterprise security platform for organizations running Linux workstations.

According to Microsoft, the expansion is driven by the growing use of Linux desktops among developers. These machines often access source code repositories, cloud infrastructure, credentials, and other sensitive resources, making them attractive targets for attackers.

The idea is to give enterprise security teams the same visibility and protection across Linux desktops that they already have for Windows, macOS, and Linux servers.

As for the capabilities, Defender for Endpoint provides real-time antivirus protection, endpoint detection and response, threat investigation, vulnerability management, and centralized security monitoring through the Microsoft Defender portal.

Security administrators can use these tools to investigate suspicious activity, identify compromised machines, and respond to threats without managing Linux workstations through a separate security platform.

Interestingly, Microsoft isn’t introducing a completely new Linux security agent for this purpose. According to its documentation, the desktop version uses the same deployment packages, installation methods, and security capabilities already available for Linux servers.

The supported distributions are also the same. The list includes Ubuntu LTS, Debian, Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, openSUSE Leap, SUSE Linux Enterprise, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, and several others.

Desktop environment choice doesn’t matter. Whether a workstation runs GNOME, KDE Plasma, or another graphical environment, compatibility depends on the underlying distribution and kernel rather than the desktop itself.

There’s also an interesting detail regarding device identification. Defender attempts to determine whether a Linux installation is a server or workstation using operating system metadata and other system characteristics. When it cannot reliably identify a machine as a workstation, it classifies it as a server by default.

Of course, Defender’s presence on Linux isn’t entirely new. Microsoft introduced its antivirus solution for Linux servers back in 2020, subsequently expanding its enterprise threat detection and response capabilities. What’s changing now is the official inclusion of desktop workstations.

Finally, it’s also worth emphasizing that this remains a public preview, not a generally available release. Organizations interested in deploying it will need an appropriate Microsoft Defender for Endpoint subscription and must meet the existing Linux system requirements.

For more details, see Microsoft’s official announcement.

7
 
 

Do you feel safe with all the entRUSTing they're putting on non GNU software?

The title says that because, until now, the core utilities in Ubuntu were not fully Rust. cp, mv, and⁣ rm had stayed on the GNU versions over compatibility issues. They have since moved to the Rust-based uutils implementation, taking the distro even further in its oxidation process.

Ubuntu 26.10, codenamed "Stonking Stingray", is an interim release, which means it brings newer software than the earlier LTS while only getting nine months of support, ending in July 2027.

Although our features roundup covered a lot of ground, there were some changes that it missed.

Ubuntu 26.10: What's New?

Well, we start with the kernel powering this interim release, Linux 7.3, which offers support for recent Snapdragon X2 Elite laptops along with several older Snapdragon X Elite and X Plus machines from Lenovo, HP, and Acer.

Gamers will be glad to know that the first chunk of Valve engineer Natalie Vock’s VRAM overcommit work has also landed in this kernel. Games on graphics cards with too little video memory should run better, as some of the data can now be offloaded to regular system RAM.

You already know that this Linux release is shaping up to be one of the most performance-focused releases in years.

Ubuntu is also moving to the NVIDIA 615 driver series, which replaces 595 and 610 and ships open kernel modules only, supporting Turing and newer GPUs.

The rustification we talked about earlier also extends to OpenPGP, where Sequoia PGP, a Rust-based implementation built by former GnuPG developers, has landed in the main archive. Its sq and sqv tools now sit alongside GnuPG's gpg and gpgv.

For the desktop environment, Ubuntu 26.10 has GNOME 51, with its range of upgrades such as a fingerprint manager in the Users panel, DNS search domains in the Network settings, and a count badge in Files when you drag multiple items.

There's also the Ubuntu Tiling Assistant that shows a Windows-11-like interface for the built-in snappable window layouts.

If you were hoping for a redesigned installer and first-boot onboarding flow, those are planned to come for the next long-term support release, Ubuntu 28.04 LTS.

Other Changes & Improvements

These are some of the other notable changes in this release:

OpenSSL 4 brings Encrypted Client Hello (ECH) and better QUIC support.
TPM-backed full-disk encryption now works without a hardware root of trust if a PIN or passphrase is set.
The RISC-V platform gets official RVA23 support for the SpacemiT K3 boards and SiFive's BigSky platform.
Twelve new wallpapers that were picked across the Mascot, Photography, and Digital/Abstract categories.
The toolchain upgrades consist of GCC 15.2.0, LLVM 22.1.8, Python 3.14.7, Rust 1.97.1, Go 1.27, and OpenJDK 25.0.4.

Download Ubuntu 26.10

ISOs for this interim release are available for AMD64, ARM64, RISC-V, and others from the official website; go for the "Desktop" ISOs if you are a regular user. Specific flavors like Server, Netboot, and WSL can be fetched from the releases portal.

8
9
 
 

Timestamps:

00:00 Intro

01:32 Wayland-only

02:59 Kde theming

09:33 Plasma-desktop

12:42 Window management

15:09 Performance improvements & wayland

17:28 Misc. changes to the desktop

18:27 Settings

20:58 Application changes

25:13 Conclusion

27:55 Sponsor: Tuxedo Computers

10
 
 

Timestamps:

00:00 Intro

00:49 Sponsor: Hostinger

02:02 GNOME OS released in Preview

06:03 Epic Games Store has a Linux client, EAC will support Linux too

10:01 Torvalds builds branch for kernel using Al

13:42 Kernel devs ponder removing mandatory Al use disclosure

15:32 KDE Plasma 6.8 is released

17:13 Ubuntu 26.10 released

19:16 Mint 27 looks like a big release

21:27 Steam Client is finally moving to 64bit

22:27 Netherlands backs away from MS365 rollout

24:16 Dev behind vibe coded Adobe suite bashes FOSS projects

25:57 Framework triples their funding for CachyOS

27:11 Firefox releases a commercial Enterprise version

28:57 New EuroOffice fork that looks like MS Office

30:54 Valve releases CAD files for Steam Frame

32:32 Sponsor: Tuxedo Computers

Links:

GNOME OS released in Preview

https://os.gnome.org/

Epic Games Store has a Linux client, EAC will support Linux too

https://onlineservices.epicgames.com/news/introducing-easy-anti-cheat-linux-v2

https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2026/10/epic-games-launcher-preview-arrives-native-linux-support-fortnite-for-linux-is-coming-and-upgraded-easy-anti-cheat/

https://codon.org.uk/~mjg59/blog/p/epics-eac2-v2-seems-fairly-easily-bypassable/

Torvalds' Al generated kernel patches & talks more about Al

https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linus-Torvalds-Claude-Code

https://www.techradar.com/pro/linux-founder-linus-torvalds-says-ai-is-a-gateway-drug-into-programming-but-cautions-about-using-ai-for-serious-work

Kernel devs ponder removing mandatory Al use disclosure

https://www.phoronix.com/news/Linux-Dropping-Assisted-By-Req

KDE Plasma 6.8 is released

https://kde.org/announcements/plasma/6/6.8.0/

Ubuntu 26.10 released

https://ubuntu.com//blog/canonical-releases-ubuntu-26-10-stonking-stingray

Mint 27 looks like a big release

https://blog.linuxmint.com/?p=5086

Steam Client is finally moving to 64bit

https://steamcommunity.com/groups/SteamClientBeta/announcements/detail/703282384630448403

Netherlands backs away from MS365 rollout

https://www.zdnet.com/business/dutch-tax-authorities-cancel-microsoft-365-cloud-rollout/

Dev behind vibe coded Adobe suite bashes FOSS projects

https://www.techradar.com/computing/office-suites/developer-who-vibe-coded-free-adobe-clones-reveals-apps-to-take-down-microsoft-office-next-and-says-there-is-no-reason-to-save-broken-software

Framework triples their funding for CachyOS

https://discuss.cachyos.org/t/announcement-framework-is-tripling-its-support-for-cachyos/37042

Firefox releases a commercial Enterprise version

https://blog.mozilla.org/en/firefox/introducing-firefox-enterprise/

New EuroOffice fork that looks like MS Office

https://itsfoss.com/news/elixiroffice-euro-office-fork/

https://github.com/leag1234/elixiroffice

Valve releases CAD files for Steam Frame

https://www.gamingonlinux.com/2026/10/steam-frame-cad-files-released-plus-an-update-on-reservation-waiting-times/

11
12
 
 

There appears to be a few bad actors in the Lemmy community spreading ragebait for personal gain

In fact, the same mechanisms added at the beginning to catch bad human written code are the exact same that catch bad AI code

  1. No, the Linux kernel DOES NOT use AI to automatically approve code for inclusion. As far as I can tell, there are no plans to do so
  2. The Kernel actually has a huge number of maintainers. As part of the process, all patches are reviewed by a human who provide feedback as part of the process, and patches get bounced back and forth multiple time.
  3. Patches don't just magically go straight to master. The maintainers generally have their own branches where it goes to, then it goes to staging trees like Linux-Next. It goes through many eyes, and many tests by the end. The idea that AI code is overrunning the kernel is rediculous
  4. Maintainers also check that the code meets coding guidelines and is written properly, and solves the problem they are trying to solve. Yes, they also ensure the code isn't slop
  5. LLM's though might be used to identify obvious problems with the code (which they are VERY good at), or even identify code that doesn't follow coding guidelines.
  6. The only thing that matters is the human who submitted the code, as they should be checking the code submitted anyway (including LLM generated code)

Writing bad code isn't something new, and isn't unique to LLM's. Coders (and it seems some "journalists") have been writing slop since computers were invented.

The process hasn't gotten less stringent (probably even MORE stringent as there is an additional set of robotic eyes that can also check), and the same mechanisms that were put in place to catch badly written code 10 years ago, are still there now.. With no changes.

13
 
 
14
 
 

I've been working on this for a little over a year. It's called TuxTalk. You hold F8, talk, let go, and it types what you said into whatever window you're in. Everything runs on your own computer, nothing gets sent anywhere.

It used to be called TalkType. Turned out another company owns that name, so it got renamed a few days ago.

By default it uses the Parakeet speech model, which is fast even on the processor, and it can use your graphics card if you have one, AMD and Intel included. Whisper models are there too if you need more languages. I use it on KDE Plasma under Wayland, and it works on GNOME and X11 as well. There's an AppImage, a .deb and an .rpm, and it's on the AUR.

Full disclosure, I build camper vans for a living, so this is a hobby project. It's free and MIT licensed. What I'd really like is feedback, especially from anyone on a distro I haven't tested.

There's a short video on the site: https://ronb1964.github.io/TuxTalk
Code: https://github.com/ronb1964/TuxTalk
Questions or problems: https://github.com/ronb1964/TuxTalk/discussions

15
 
 

so the output

and the log from /var/log/Xorg.0.log

[   722.107] 
X.Org X Server 1.21.1.24
X Protocol Version 11, Revision 0
[   722.107] Current Operating System: Linux raspy 6.18.52-gentoo #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sun Sep 27 13:51:24 -00 2026 x86_64
[   722.107] Kernel command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-6.18.52-gentoo root=PARTUUID=bc9c1c44-ac90-4561-aaef-8e9a7f8c69f8 ro
[   722.107]  
[   722.107] Current version of pixman: 0.46.4
[   722.107] 	Before reporting problems, check http://wiki.x.org/
	to make sure that you have the latest version.
[   722.107] Markers: (--) probed, (**) from config file, (==) default setting,
	(++) from command line, (!!) notice, (II) informational,
	(WW) warning, (EE) error, (NI) not implemented, (??) unknown.
[   722.107] (==) Log file: "/var/log/Xorg.0.log", Time: Fri Oct 16 19:10:03 2026
[   722.108] (==) Using system config directory "/usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d"
[   722.108] (==) No Layout section.  Using the first Screen section.
[   722.108] (==) No screen section available. Using defaults.
[   722.108] (**) |-->Screen "Default Screen Section" (0)
[   722.108] (**) |   |-->Monitor "<default monitor>"
[   722.109] (==) No monitor specified for screen "Default Screen Section".
	Using a default monitor configuration.
[   722.109] (**) Allowing byte-swapped clients
[   722.109] (==) Automatically adding devices
[   722.109] (==) Automatically enabling devices
[   722.109] (==) Automatically adding GPU devices
[   722.109] (==) Automatically binding GPU devices
[   722.109] (==) Max clients allowed: 256, resource mask: 0x1fffff
[   722.109] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/TTF" does not exist.
[   722.109] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   722.109] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/OTF" does not exist.
[   722.109] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   722.109] (WW) The directory "/usr/share/fonts/Type1" does not exist.
[   722.109] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   722.109] (WW) `fonts.dir' not found (or not valid) in "/usr/share/fonts/100dpi".
[   722.109] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   722.109] 	(Run 'mkfontdir' on "/usr/share/fonts/100dpi").
[   722.109] (WW) `fonts.dir' not found (or not valid) in "/usr/share/fonts/75dpi".
[   722.109] 	Entry deleted from font path.
[   722.109] 	(Run 'mkfontdir' on "/usr/share/fonts/75dpi").
[   722.109] (==) FontPath set to:
	/usr/share/fonts/misc
[   722.109] (==) ModulePath set to "/usr/lib64/xorg/modules"
[   722.109] (II) The server relies on udev to provide the list of input devices.
	If no devices become available, reconfigure udev or disable AutoAddDevices.
[   722.109] (II) Module ABI versions:
[   722.109] 	X.Org ANSI C Emulation: 0.4
[   722.109] 	X.Org Video Driver: 25.2
[   722.109] 	X.Org XInput driver : 24.4
[   722.109] 	X.Org Server Extension : 10.0
[   722.118] (--) using VT number 8

[   722.118] (II) systemd-logind: logind integration requires -keeptty and -keeptty was not provided, disabling logind integration
[   722.121] (--) PCI:*(0@0:2:0) 8086:3ea0:103c:8549 rev 2, Mem @ 0xe7000000/16777216, 0xc0000000/268435456, I/O @ 0x00003000/64, BIOS @ 0x????????/131072
[   722.121] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[   722.121] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[   722.124] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[   722.124] 	compiled for 1.21.1.24, module version = 1.0.0
[   722.124] 	ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 10.0
[   722.125] (==) Matched intel as autoconfigured driver 0
[   722.125] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 1
[   722.125] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 2
[   722.125] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 3
[   722.125] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[   722.125] (II) LoadModule: "intel"
[   722.125] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/intel_drv.so
[   722.125] (II) Module intel: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[   722.125] 	compiled for 1.21.1.24, module version = 2.99.917
[   722.125] 	Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[   722.125] 	ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[   722.125] (II) LoadModule: "modesetting"
[   722.125] (II) Loading /usr/lib64/xorg/modules/drivers/modesetting_drv.so
[   722.126] (II) Module modesetting: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[   722.126] 	compiled for 1.21.1.24, module version = 1.21.1
[   722.126] 	Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[   722.126] 	ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 25.2
[   722.126] (II) LoadModule: "fbdev"
[   722.126] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fbdev
[   722.126] (EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
[   722.126] (II) LoadModule: "vesa"
[   722.127] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module vesa
[   722.127] (EE) Failed to load module "vesa" (module does not exist, 0)
[   722.127] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Integrated Graphics Chipsets:
	i810, i810-dc100, i810e, i815, i830M, 845G, 854, 852GM/855GM, 865G,
	915G, E7221 (i915), 915GM, 945G, 945GM, 945GME, Pineview GM,
	Pineview G, 965G, G35, 965Q, 946GZ, 965GM, 965GME/GLE, G33, Q35, Q33,
	GM45, 4 Series, G45/G43, Q45/Q43, G41, B43
[   722.127] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) HD Graphics
[   722.127] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Graphics
[   722.127] (II) intel: Driver for Intel(R) Iris(TM) Pro Graphics
[   722.127] (II) modesetting: Driver for Modesetting Kernel Drivers: kms
[   722.135] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory
[   722.135] (WW) Falling back to old probe method for modesetting
[   722.135] (EE) open /dev/dri/card0: No such file or directory
[   722.135] (EE) Screen 0 deleted because of no matching config section.
[   722.135] (II) UnloadModule: "modesetting"
[   722.135] (EE) Device(s) detected, but none match those in the config file.
[   722.135] (EE) 
Fatal server error:
[   722.135] (EE) no screens found(EE) 
[   722.135] (EE) 
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support 
	 at http://wiki.x.org/
 for help. 
[   722.135] (EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
[   722.135] (EE) 
[   722.137] (EE) Server terminated with error (1). Closing log file.

CPU: Intel (R) Core(TM) i7-8565 (4) @ 4.60 GHz

GPU: Intel UHD Graphics 620 [Integrated]

Kernel: Linux 6.18.52-gentoo

914 packages from emerge apparently

I have tried doing some stuff but I really don't think it made a difference in any possible way.

There's also when keyword ~amd64 blocks stuff like kde. From what I understand there's also a stable amd64 apparently? idk that's a bit unrelated I will look into it later.

16
17
18
19
Sabias que... (thelemmy.club)
submitted 1 day ago by to c/linux@lemmy.ml
20
 
 

Guess all the enterprise customers want this on their AI computers

21
 
 

want to install liteqube, dont want dom0 hacked (there proballey no intentional malware but the download culd be comprimised)

how do you safely install from github to dom0?

22
23
 
 

24
 
 

cross-posted from: https://lemmy.world/post/53100937

"Torvalds said that the time has come to make it harder for new people to contribute code to the kernel. People like Kroah-Hartman have spent years trying to teach people how to contribute; it is time to stop doing that, he said."

https://lwn.net/Articles/1099594/

It is difficult to summarize exactly how Linus got to this point. Most of the discussion at this years Summit appears to have been related to AI assisted code and how the maintainers are dealing with the increase in code submissions to LKML. Many of the maintainers expressed varying levels of frustration with AI assisted drive-by code submissions. Linus' train of thought is that they make it intentionally more difficult for humans to contribute. A later suggestion of his was to create an AGENTS. md that makes generating kernel code expensive in compute and token time.

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