any extant quantisation error is mathematically corrected for utterly and completely thanks to the sampling theorem. 44.1kHz is theoretically enough to reconstruct a 20kHz waveform exactly, and we typically oversample by a factor of 5. of course you could use a shitty ADC to get the data in but with a normal 24-bit one you get 16 million possible positions of a waveform in one time slice. considering that the average JND in humans is around 1dB, giving you roughly 140 000 imperceptible steps between every perceptible one from "vacuum of space" to "head inside a jet engine", this is a pretty big margin.

as for digital filtering, it works on a mathematically perfect version of the waveform rather than one distorted further for every step. it's like being able to filter in parallel rather than in series, meaning the integrity of the wave is preserved until tapeout.

of course you can do analog filtering, both before and after. the noise and artifacts it introduces can make music a lot more dynamic and interesting. but the idea that digital workflows are somehow worse is completely false. if they were, the biggest producers in the world would have stopped using digital filters as soon as they were introduced in the late 70's.

all that said, i completely agree that vinyl doesn't make sense. who would want their music on a format that degrades with every use and is unable to represent the full range of volume humans can perceive?

Edit: flubbed a unit