Several billion dollars, from what I remember from the TrueAnon series on Tesla, the tax credits on EVs is basically the only thing keeping Tesla alive, they barely make a profit from selling cars, of which they make very few anyway. They do get tax credits which can then be sold which is worth a lot more. They can sell tax credits for cars "sold" but haven't delivered (pre-orders, essentially). The kicker is, even if the car is recalled or refunded, the tax credits they sold off for building an electric vehicle doesn't. They can build shitty and still make money.

The majority of Tesla's stock price is tied to the US government giving them free money for theoretical cars. Now it's so big, pension funds buy into Tesla