I'd say they probably pick up on non-verbal communication much more than verbal. And you can point to exceptional cases, but there's a pretty wide variation of every kind among dogs, and I'm guessing most dogs aren't going to have the vocabulary of a marquee herding dog.

My dog would probably pick "stay" out of this and maybe "out", though when I say "out," I usually inflect it up, like I do for all my questions.

My favorite little language thing with my dog is, when I see a point of interest, like a squirrel or a another dog, is ask him "Who is it?" and he'll start looking around. The weird thing is I didn't teach him this, so either someone else taught him, or "hey look around there's something you need to see" is just a really easy thing to trigger in dogs.

My blue heeler's ears will react at key words.

"frisbee" eyes widen, mouth slightly opens to reveal a fast excited pant, his chest puffs up andhis tail starts swinging with anticipation

"bath" his nose tilts towards the floor, eyes looking up, ears flattened back, body moves closer to ground, tail stiff

He also can read tone pretty well. He also can predict reactions. Running somewhere discrete when he licked up the cat food. Sitting on your chest if you're sad. He's basically a little kid.

An example is Bunny the dog. I don't know others by name but also other dogs as well as cats and birds can communicate the same way.

I wouldn't say it's exactly fair to judge a silly comic made for laughs in a way that insinuates it's misinforming people. Not to mention this was made well over 40 years ago

Wasn't there a guy who trained his pug to respond to Nazi slogans?

i'd say dogs can understand things about the same as we can understand a foreign language given an hour of someone pointing at things and saying words