https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/ take a browse through this website, its probably the most trustworthy source of nutrition info.
Some highlights:
Protein per 100g
Ground Beef: ~18
Beef (Steak): ~22
Chicken breast: ~15g
Tofu: ~17
Peanuts: ~ 28
Cashews: ~17
Almonds: ~21
Bean corner, all listed raw and dry, when cooked mass increases by 2-2.5x so protein content will half or a bit more, 100g of dry beans soaked and cooked is ~the contents of 1 can(? i think):
Soybeans: ~37 (waow, also crazy high on iron, best macro balance of any food? 37 protein, 20 fat, 30 carbs)
Chickpeas(Garbonzo beans): ~20
Navy Beans: ~22
Black beans: ~22
Red kidney beans: ~23
Red lentils: ~24

Textured soy protein / textured vegetable protein is very protein dense. You can often find it in the bagged dried spice section of Mexican, Asian, or other international markets.

Lentils are always a good choice. Cheap and very protein packed. It is low in certain amino acids, so eat some rice with it. You can always go the protein powder route too, but make sure it has a balanced amino acid profile as well.

Surprised it's not here yet, but look into nutritional yeast. One serving is like 1g fat, 5g carbs (but 4 are fiber) and 9g protein

I eat a shit ton of chickpeas but honestly get yourself vegan protein powder. It's more expensive than whey but its manageable. Just eat whatever you want and suppliment your protein with a shake or something. Way nicer than eating high protein density foods all the time imo.

idk but tofu sure tastes good

Vital wheat gluten. 24g of protein per 30g serving. The ratio is less when prepared though.

There are bean curd skins which are essentially sheets of curdled soy protein, as well as TVP. If you want a complete protein with minimal carbs.

1 brick of high protein tofu from trader joes has 64g of protein

If you are talking about whole foods I don't think there are any non meat sources as dense as meat. If you go processed maybe peanut powder gets close. I'm limited to beans, soybeans and nuts for the most protein. With beans you're gonna get some carbs and with soybeans you will get some fat too but it is high quality unsaturated so that is ok for me. Nuts come with a lot of fat including some saturated fat but I'm not worried about that because that is my only source of saturated fat now since avocados are gone from stores in the midwest.

All the answers below are correct.

Legumes are great but they have carbs, whereas meat doesn't, so you're not gonna get the equivalent of "chicken and rice" for lean gains. Tofu and TVP (in the PNW there's something called soycurl which is just TVP) are close. Seitan (wheat gluten) is very high in protein but it is an incomplete protein so you'll need to supplement a legume into it. Blending tofu into seitan works great. Vegan specialty stores sell jerky that is similar in protein density to meat, they're just not very good. "Pleather" is the best brand of it I've tried.

Sauce Stache on YouTube was a channel of a chubby vegan doing his best copycat recipes, then he went in a "get healthy" transformation arc. He has tons of high protein vegan meal videos.

Eating a plant based diet involves an understanding that you're not just removing meat from your diet or substituting X for meat in a 1:1 ratio. It involves understanding how fats, proteins, carbs, and fiber are found in plants and how that creates energy for your body.

Broccoli has more protein per gram than beef

I use a peanut powder for taste and the lean mean power of extra protein in my diet, it’s nice to have something more aligned with “dessert” palettes and stuff so it goes good with my vanilla oat milk. I may even try “baking” some homemade bars out of it one of these days when it gets cold and I want to turn my tiny oven on.

Chickpeas are good. Hummus is super tasty and good for you, especially if you get some good olive oil in there, that’s a nice combo of healthy fats and protein to power your body and lubricate the gears.

Protein is not an issue.

Iron is, and can be found in shit like tofu and beans.

I like tofu and tempeh!

TVP/TSP is my go to