this post was submitted on 06 Jan 2025
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History

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"The traitor: Degradation of Alfred Dreyfus, degradation in the Morland Court of the military school in Paris"

The Dreyfus affair (French: affaire Dreyfus) was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. The scandal began in December 1894 when Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a 35-year-old Alsatian French artillery officer of Jewish descent, was wrongfully convicted of treason for communicating French military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent overseas to the penal colony on Devil's Island in French Guiana, where he spent the following five years imprisoned in very harsh conditions.

In 1896, evidence came to light—primarily through the investigations of Lieutenant Colonel Georges Picquart, head of counter-espionage—which identified the real culprit as a French Army Major named Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy. High-ranking military officials suppressed the new evidence, and a military court unanimously acquitted Esterhazy after a trial lasting only two days. The Army laid additional charges against Dreyfus, based on forged documents. Subsequently, writer Émile Zola's open letter J'Accuse...! in the newspaper L'Aurore stoked a growing movement of political support for Dreyfus, putting pressure on the government to reopen the case.

In 1899, Dreyfus was returned to France for another trial. The intense political and judicial scandal that ensued divided French society between those who supported Dreyfus, the "Dreyfusards" such as Sarah Bernhardt, Anatole France, Charles Péguy, Henri Poincaré and Georges Clemenceau; and those who condemned him, the "anti-Dreyfusards" such as Édouard Drumont, the director and publisher of the antisemitic newspaper La Libre Parole. The new trial resulted in another conviction and a 10-year sentence, but Dreyfus was pardoned and released. In 1906, Dreyfus was exonerated. After being reinstated as a major in the French Army, he served during the whole of World War I, ending his service with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He died in 1935.

The Dreyfus affair came to symbolise modern injustice in the Francophone world; it remains one of the most notable examples of a miscarriage of justice and of antisemitism. The affair divided France into pro-republican, anticlerical Dreyfusards and pro-Army, mostly Catholic anti-Dreyfusards, embittering French politics and encouraging radicalisation. The press played a crucial role in exposing information and in shaping and expressing public opinion on both sides of the conflict.

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[–] [email protected] 4 points 4 days ago (1 children)

but would honestly prefer if she found someone who was more complete than me. I still don't have more than a month sober under my belt, and I have no desire to have her take care of me because I'm drunk ever.

this is very fair and human, but id also in general caution people against pre-screening themselves out of love with a potentially good partner. i know a user here has mentioned having friends with even worse addictions that are even less far along re: recovery ending up with people very much more stable than all that. you really never know how much of someones shit someone is willing to work through until you try, and literally every relationship requires some amount of shit-working. but what do i know, im a recentish divorcee who doesnt know anything at fucking all about dating due to shacking up at 23

[–] [email protected] 2 points 3 days ago

I agree. You just don't know what they value until you go through the process of getting to know them. Personally, I have... ahem politically charged red flags that I don't negotiate (troops, cops, right wingers). But getting out late to help someone important to me through a horrible struggle makes me feel helpful and good.

I agree with Bukowski - "My Dear, Find what you love and let it kill you. Let it drain you of your all. Let it cling onto your back and weigh you down into eventual nothingness."