By Danielle Kaye

Jan. 27, 2025

Workers at a Whole Foods Market in Philadelphia voted on Monday to become the first unionized store in Amazon’s grocery chain, opening a new front in the e-commerce giant’s efforts to fend off labor organizing in multiple segments of its business.

Employees at the sprawling Whole Foods store, in the city’s Spring Garden neighborhood, voted 130 to 100 in favor of organizing with the United Food and Commercial Workers union, the National Labor Relations Board said.

Store employees said they hoped a union could help negotiate higher wages, above the current starting rate of $16 an hour, and better benefits. Some longtime employees, who have been with Whole Foods since well before Amazon bought the chain in 2017, said reductions in benefits and cuts in staffing levels when Amazon took over, among other changes, had been sources of frustration.

But those leading the union campaign hinted at a broader goal: to inspire a wave of organizing across the chain’s more than 500 grocery stores, adding to union drives among warehouse workers and delivery drivers that Amazon is already combating.

“I expect others to follow, and that will increase the leverage that we have at the bargaining table,” said Ben Lovett, an employee at the Philadelphia store who has led the organizing. “We’ve shown them that it’s possible to organize at Amazon.”

“This fight is far from over,” Wendell Young IV, president of U.F.C.W. Local 1776, which represents food and retail workers in Pennsylvania, said in a statement, “but today’s victory is an important step forward.”

Whole Foods said in a statement that the company was “disappointed” by the election result, but that it offered competitive compensation and benefits for employees and that it was “committed to maintaining a positive working environment” at the Philadelphia store.

The successful bid to form a union comes against a backdrop of what several workers have described as a campaign of intimidation from Whole Foods. They pointed to ramped-up monitoring of employees and anti-union messaging in the store since workers went public with their organizing efforts in the fall.

In unfair labor practice charges filed with the labor board earlier this month, U.F.C.W. Local 1776 accused Whole Foods of firing an employee at the Philadelphia store in retaliation for supporting the union drive. The union also accused the chain of excluding the store’s employees from receiving a raise that had been given this month to all of its other workers in the Philadelphia area.

Whole Foods said it had complied with all legal requirements when communicating with employees about unions. The company denied allegations of retaliation, arguing that it could not legally change wages during the election process and that it had delayed a raise until after the election to avoid the appearance of trying to influence votes.

“A union is not needed at Whole Foods Market,” the company said in a statement ahead of the election, adding that it recognized employees’ right to “make an informed decision.”

The company, which has five days to challenge the election outcome before the result will be certified, will have to bargain with the union for a contract covering the store’s unionized workers, the N.L.R.B. said in statement announcing the result.

But winning a union vote doesn’t ensure that contract talks will progress. Amazon warehouse workers who unionized nearly three years still do not have a contract.

In 2022, workers on Staten Island voted to form Amazon’s first union in the United States; it is now affiliated with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters. Amazon has challenged the election outcome in court, and has refused to recognize or bargain with the union. Delivery drivers, who work for third-party package delivery companies serving Amazon, have also mounted campaigns with the Teamsters.

Last week, Amazon said it was closing all of its warehouse and logistics operations in Quebec, the Canadian province where unions had gained a foothold among some Amazon workers, and would lay off 1,700 employees.

The union push in Amazon’s grocery business resembles, in certain ways, union organizing at Starbucks that has spread to more than 500 stores in the United States since 2021, said Brishen Rogers, a labor law professor at Georgetown University.

In grocery stores and coffee shops, employees work side by side, day after day, in conditions that are often conducive to getting to know one another and forming networks of solidarity, he said. Those dynamics do not always exist in warehouses, where workers tend to be under constant surveillance.

“I would not be shocked,” Mr. Rogers said, “if it had a snowball effect across different Whole Foods locations, much like Starbucks.”

Ed Dupree, who works at the Whole Foods store in Philadelphia and has been involved in the union campaign there, said he was in touch with workers at other locations across the country who were interested in unionizing. At least 10 other Whole Foods stores have started to organize, he said.

The new political landscape in Washington may pose hurdles for the Philadelphia workers as they try to negotiate a contract, or for other stores that might file for union elections. After the Biden administration’s embrace of unions, President Trump is expected to appoint a new N.L.R.B. general counsel whose approach could make it harder for organizing campaigns to succeed.

Employers typically exploit weaknesses in federal labor law to avoid reaching a first contract with newly unionized employees, said Kate Andrias, a professor of labor and employment law at Columbia University. Legal barriers to organizing and bargaining exist regardless of the government’s stance on labor, though companies might feel more emboldened to intimidate workers under President Trump, she said.

“We’re likely to see the law become less favorable to workers during the Trump administration,” Ms. Andrias said. But, she added, “even in periods when there have been hostile labor boards in the past, workers have been successful in organizing unions.”

Amazon is quitting Quebec to ‘shock and awe’ workers worldwide

The corporate giant feared a ‘breakthrough’ after Quebec workers unionized and were set to secure the first collective agreement in the world

by Mostafa Henaway

Analysis

Jan 23 2025

Amazon has a message for its army of precarious workers worldwide: dare to unionize and you will be punished.

After failing to thwart a historic unionization drive in Quebec, Amazon is now shuttering all its operations in the province, laying off nearly 2,000 workers. 

The move is a brazen attempt to punish workers in the province who achieved what many thought impossible. In May 2024, about 300 workers at the Laval warehouse successfully unionized—a historic first in Canada—despite facing two years of anti-union tactics, intimidation, and surveillance. What’s more, they were set to become the first Amazon workers anywhere in the world to secure a collective agreement.

For Amazon’s Jeff Bezos, this move isn’t just about crushing the Laval workers and their union; it’s a direct assault on the entire global working class. It marks a growing offensive by corporations and the capitalist class who are trying to put workers in their place with austerity measures and attacks on labour organizing. 

Here in Quebec, Amazon’s move leaves 1,700 workers—many of them immigrants, international students, and people with families—jobless in the midst of rising unemployment and a worsening cost-of-living crisis. 

Meanwhile, the tech oligarch Bezos continues to amass unimaginable wealth, with his fortune now exceeding $200 billion. 

Amazon feared a ‘breakthrough’ for workers in Quebec

Amazon’s time in Quebec has been brief—but marked by worker resistance throughout.

The company opened its first fulfillment centre in Lachine in 2020 and quickly expanded to seven facilities across the province. In the winter of 2022, workers at the Lachine warehouse launched the first sustained campaign to improve working conditions. In response, Amazon resorted to union-busting tactics, including pressuring workers not to sign union cards. These actions were later deemed unlawful in a Quebec labour ruling.

While that campaign didn’t end in union certification, the breakthrough came in May 2024 at the Laval facility—the first Amazon warehouse in Quebec and Canada to successfully unionize.

The victory didn’t come easy. As a labour organizer who for a time worked undercover at that warehouse, I saw Amazon’s exploitation, surveillance, and relentless anti-union intimidation firsthand. 

What sets the Laval case apart from unionization drives in other parts of the world is a unique provision in Quebec’s labour code: employers are legally required to reach a first collective agreement with a union, once it exists. If negotiations then stall, the dispute goes to arbitration. 

This has given Laval workers a powerful tool not available in other other jurisdictions.

In the United States, for example, Amazon workers in Staten Island—whose historic union victory inspired workers globally—have been left without a contract for more than two years now. Amazon has refused to even come to the negotiating table. 

A first collective agreement in Laval would have represented a major breakthrough for Amazon workers worldwide, potentially inspiring more than 1.5 million employees, and set a precedent the company was desperate to avoid. 

Amazon has claimed that its decision to leave Quebec is driven by costs and profitability, not union activity. But the company has long valued its market dominance over profits. And it has always been willing to wield that monopolistic power to crush workers’ rights, even at the cost of short-term financial gains. 

The real motives behind the corporate giant’s recent announcement are clear: this is an aggressive “shock and awe” campaign designed not only to discipline workers here but to send a message of intimidation across its global operations. 

Amazon’s actions in Quebec, announced just two days after Jeff Bezos and other tech oligarchs stood alongside Donald Trump during his inauguration, are emblematic of a dangerous trend. 

As more and more of our economy is controlled by wealthy corporations and oligarchs that run them, the fight for workers’ rights is about the future of our democracy. 

Our solidarity and fightback are even more profound in this period. This is not just their fight—it’s a fight for all of us.