Question: Would Dr. Zimmerman go in the top frame or the bottom one? That man was an absolute scoundrel lol.
I'm not sure about caffeine, but amphetamine-based stimulants (adderall, vyvanse, etc) stimulate the production of both dopamine (the feel good chemical) and norepinephrine, aka the anti-adrenaline neurotransmitter. That's why it calms down people with ADHD, our brains don't create or transport neurotransmitters correctly (among other things). It's also why SNRIs are effective for some, they inhibit the brain's reuptake of norepinephrine. I'm personally on both and they help eachother work more effectively.
https://www.chemistryhelpcenter.org/caffeine/ if you're curious. Caffeine is a really interesting molecule.
The effect of caffeine is related to its structural similarity to adenosine. Adenosine is a nucleotide and is important for coding genes, but it is also used for energy in the form of ATP and as a neuromodulator and signaling molecule. When the brain is active, it consumes lots of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) as an energy source. As the ATP is used it leaves behind a byproduct, AMP (adenosine monophosphate). The longer the brain remains active, the more AMP builds up over time. Specialized adenosine receptors detect the increasing levels of AMP and send a signal that reduces alertness and increases drowsiness until eventually, you fall asleep. While sleeping, the brain has a chance to clear out the AMP and you wake up feeling alert and rested.
Because of caffeine’s structure, it binds to adenosine receptors similarly to adenosine in AMP. However, when caffeine is bound to the receptor, it doesn’t send the sleepy signal. Instead, it blocks AMP from being able to get to that spot. In this way, caffeine essentially “turns off” adenosine receptors and they cannot tell the brain it needs to rest. The more caffeine you take, the more receptors are “turned off” giving the brain the illusion that the AMP has been flushed out resulting in an alert and rested feeling as if you had just woken up.
Correct, it has a quite similar structure to adenosine. So it can prevent you from getting more sleepy but it can't "kick out" the adenosine already bound to the receptors.

hey that looks really interesting, thanks for sharing. will keep an eye on development for sure!
Resistance (to her acting skills) is futile.
You go to Engineering looking for Lt. Carey. You haven’t seen him in two years. He’s ‘not there right now, but should be back in a minute’.
lmfao I love that Lt. Carey keeps coming up. WHY ISN'T ANYONE ELSE CONCERNED!?
Because people prefer convenience to privacy and accessibility, I guess? If there was an easy way to scrape/crawl discord data I would be hoarding everything I could to repost on lemmy or something but AFAIK there are no easily automated ways to access it.
What I'm upset about is the absolute wealth of information that will be forever trapped behind Discord. What ever happened to good old fashioned forums? Hell, even a subreddit would at least have been scrapable. If there's a mass migration away from Discord then all that information just gets lost. Example that Lemmings might care about - CachyOS has a forum, but I've seen the vast majority of troubleshooting and user input made on their Discord channel.
Todd is too busy swimming in his vault Scrooge McDuck style.
"This does not just apply to high end graphics. We're already seeing that a little bit with Starfield, which is a more primitive title" lmaoooo
kieron115
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Man saw Tuvok's hair and was like "finally, the answer to all of my problems!"