Lot of my picks have already been mentioned but if you like story-rich point and clicks:
The rusty lake series (~1GB each)
Strange Horticulture (1GB)

Or very chill adventure:
Slime rancher (1GB)

Rouge-lite/rogue-like:
Death Road to Canada (60MB)
Binding of Isaac (449 MB) - this is my all time favourite game and I'm surprised to see the base game is still under $20.

Undertale, In Stars and Time, Blue Prince, and Doki Doki Literature Club are my favorite games that haven't already been mentioned here. All of them are somewhat dialogue/text-heavy.

Minecraft (Java Edition, the standard).

About 0,3 GB, and needs no introduction. Endless box of fun in a tiny cross-platform package.

I enjoy unique story driven games. Two favourites are:

• Papers, please. <100MB
• Do not feed the monkeys. <1GB

Honorary mention to Not tonight. It's very papers-inspired, but unique enough.

Is rimworld on steamdeck? If it is the base game is a couple hundred mb, even with all the dlc it's less than 1gb.

I remembered I never finished Braid last week and played it - perfect on steam deck!

Fields of Mistria is a cute farming game like Stardew Valley, and it’s only like 800MB.

My indie action platformer No More Mages is in early access (with a free demo) if you feel like taking a shot at a truly unknown game! More being added soon.

Horsey Game. Like 150mbs and hilarious but also crazy deep genetics mechanics.

I've been enjoying Age of Empires 1 lately. Or Slay if you like puzzle games. Simon Tatham's Portable Puzzle Collection is also great for that. I dunno, there's so many options. Wanna be anymore specific about the type of game you're looking for? It seems a bit silly to mention nearly every game ever made

Balatro is tiny, like 150 MB tiny. And endlessly playable. If you like poker and/or rogue likes it's pound for pound one of the best deals out there both money and memory wise

Animal Well 35Mb

Outer Wilds is 8GB, and the best puzzle/mystery game I have ever played. The less you know about the game up front, the better.

There are games over 20GB?!

Gotta plug my friends games, not that they're unknown, just the first things that come to mind and they're all small to small-ish in size (I think they might even be under 20gb for all combined).

Hotline Miami
Hotline Miami 2: Wrong Number
Raft
Sea Salt
Post Void
Keep Driving

Terraria is just north of 10 MB, and it's still (?!) only $10. That's $1 per megabyte!

If you havent yet played Portal / Portal 2, together they are about 20 Gigs, and are both very good, genre and generation defining games.

Balatro and Slay The Spire 2 are roguelikes that have a lot of replayability.

Trackmania, you can give it a shot with Nations Forever it's free on steam. Turbo/TM2 are graphically improved versions of it, 2020 is the newest one that most people play but has a lot of its features locked behind a yearly subscription. Go with the previous ones if offline play is a must.

Baba Is You is a real brain burner puzzle game that makes you think out of the box a lot of time.

Against the Storm is 5GB. It's a city builder that's pretty chill until the storm comes and then it's not for a bit. I've been enjoying it a lot. Also 70% off right now on Steam.

Factorio if you like building, optimizing and automating. Game is about 5 GB.

Have you considered something like EmuDeck? 25GB is dozens if not thousands of games from older retro consoles, depending on how old you would consider.

Have you tried Inscryption

Genre/type of game you like most?

I developed my taste in PC games before I had a graphics card, so...

• Baba Is You, a minimalist puzzle game with a Portal's worth of perception bending
• Hypnospace Outlaw, a story-driven 90's-styled computer/internet simulator with a shocking amount of good diegetic indie music. Like, more than one entire album.
• Celeste

I've already played these games to death and back so I haven't really been playing them in the present tense

Celeste, tricky towers

I like the Ace Attorney trilogies; I'm playing through the Apollo Justice trilogy right now and thats about 19gb. Perfect on the steam deck.

Stardew Valley is under 1gb and is also perfect on Steam Deck. Or Core Keeper is only 1.1gb, for a more crafty less RPG vibe.

Also worth remembering of course, you can use SD cards to expand the space on your Steam Deck, and swap SD cards out as much as you want. So if you have intermittent internet as you imply elsewhere here, loading up games onto SD cards can be very helpful.

I haven't tried it yet, but Mina the Hollower just released and seems really cool. Should be way less than 20 GB.

Deep rock galactic

Megabonk is like half a gig, great on Deck, pretty addictive, and good for when you only have a short window to play something in.