By comparing Neanderthal pelvises with those of modern humans, the researchers reached a surprising conclusion: The unusual structure of the pelvis may not be that of the Neanderthal, as has been assumed for decades, but rather that of the modern human male.

According to the researchers, the male pelvis evolved into a unique biomechanical shock-absorbing mechanism that stores energy and makes long-distance walking more efficient.

Surprisingly, despite their large size and robust construction, the Neanderthal pelvises were found to resemble those of modern human females in most measurements and proportions rather than those of modern human males.