Hogwarts Legacy is one example. It only contains a very small portion of the game on cartridge (The tutorial area). The rest you have to download.

There were lots of other games that did this, I've seen plenty of games like this on store shelves, but I just can't recall any more specific examples at the top of my head, since I usually just mentally ignored the existence of any Switch games when they weren't released properly on cart.

More often then not, download-required games were just a download code with no cart, but there are quite a handful of games that released as a cartridge that basically acted like a key. I don't know if they differed at all in functionality to the Switch 2's key cards because I never bought one to test, but I believe it seems to work practically identically to the Switch 2's Game-key cards.