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this post was submitted on 24 Aug 2025
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languagelearning
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Hittite's noun classes were for animate and inanimate. This might be what Proto-Indo-European (or before) originally used.
Both Greek and Sanskrit grammarians discuss grammatical gender using "gender" terminology. The author of the "earliest surviving medieval treatise on Greek syntax" was probably synthesizing earlier scholars rather than introducing new terms when he wrote in the early 800s CE. Greek actually has five genders - masculine, feminine, neuter, common, and epicene. Common is for nouns that are "capable of being either masculine or feminine," and epicene is for "a word with a fixed gender used for both masculine and feminine beings."
The Sanskrit word for gender, "linga," appears in Pāṇini's grammar, which may have been written in the 4th century BCE.
Sources:
Ancient Greek Scholarship, by Eleanor Dickey, p. 127, 167-68
Panini