People just need to get used to paying for the web. Monthly subscriptions for Spotify or Netflix are widely accepted, so a fee to fund the rest of the net doesn't seem beyond the realm of possibility. It could even be made part of the ISP fee (perhaps this could be forced on all ISPs by govts under the guise of 'supporting local websites').
The technical solutions already seem to exist, but have been shut down 1) due to lack of use and 2) by the entrenched business model (in the case of Scroll). Therefore, the challenge currently lies in bringing the masses over to this business model (IMO easier than it may seem, as the masses never consciously opted for their current method of paying anyway and hence feel no attachment to it), and stopping anti-competitive take-overs by companies from the entrenched business model (currently enabled by regulatory capture, an even deeper root problem whose solution would solve many issues beside this one).
So assume that everybody switched to this model of funding overnight. I don't think it would stop surveillance capitalism entirely since the surveillance technologies that the current business model lead to being developed (AI, cookies, etc) have since been adapted for use in other settings (facial recognition CCTV etc.) whose investment sources are now entirely separate from the web’s. What's more, websites would probably keep spying on paying users anyway, simply because they already have the technology to do so, and it would make them extra money on top of their allocated subscription money. Despite this, I still think it's a change worth working towards.
How does tracking the websites you visit, including the amount of time you spend there, stop surveillance?
Hmm that's a very good question. I guess you could even argue that the current model is better because there is no single tracker and your data is split between multiple competing entities (Google Analytics, Facebook, ...). I suppose the model I'm proposing would only be better if the party reading your history and distributing funds according to it could be trusted not to sell that info (perhaps if it was forced to be a nonprofit or such?). Perhaps it would even be possible to solve it in a way that your browsing history would never have to leave your device, and the micropayments could be made directly by your web browser as you browsed. Ie. each http request would come with a micropayment attached.
I suspect that people wouldn't actually be that averse to paying for things as long as the prices were miniscule (>=1 cent)