"The traitor: Degradation of Alfred Dreyfus, degradation in the Morland Court of the military school in Paris"
The Dreyfus affair (French: affaire Dreyfus) was a political scandal that divided the Third French Republic from 1894 until its resolution in 1906. The scandal began in December 1894 when Captain Alfred Dreyfus, a 35-year-old Alsatian French artillery officer of Jewish descent, was wrongfully convicted of treason for communicating French military secrets to the German Embassy in Paris. He was sentenced to life imprisonment and sent overseas to the penal colony on Devil's Island in French Guiana, where he spent the following five years imprisoned in very harsh conditions.
In 1896, evidence came to light—primarily through the investigations of Lieutenant Colonel Georges Picquart, head of counter-espionage—which identified the real culprit as a French Army Major named Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy. High-ranking military officials suppressed the new evidence, and a military court unanimously acquitted Esterhazy after a trial lasting only two days. The Army laid additional charges against Dreyfus, based on forged documents. Subsequently, writer Émile Zola's open letter J'Accuse...! in the newspaper L'Aurore stoked a growing movement of political support for Dreyfus, putting pressure on the government to reopen the case.
In 1899, Dreyfus was returned to France for another trial. The intense political and judicial scandal that ensued divided French society between those who supported Dreyfus, the "Dreyfusards" such as Sarah Bernhardt, Anatole France, Charles Péguy, Henri Poincaré and Georges Clemenceau; and those who condemned him, the "anti-Dreyfusards" such as Édouard Drumont, the director and publisher of the antisemitic newspaper La Libre Parole. The new trial resulted in another conviction and a 10-year sentence, but Dreyfus was pardoned and released. In 1906, Dreyfus was exonerated. After being reinstated as a major in the French Army, he served during the whole of World War I, ending his service with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He died in 1935.
The Dreyfus affair came to symbolise modern injustice in the Francophone world; it remains one of the most notable examples of a miscarriage of justice and of antisemitism. The affair divided France into pro-republican, anticlerical Dreyfusards and pro-Army, mostly Catholic anti-Dreyfusards, embittering French politics and encouraging radicalisation. The press played a crucial role in exposing information and in shaping and expressing public opinion on both sides of the conflict.
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Creepy men will still use any excuse to touch you in 2025 unfortunately
Somehow they can scoot past men without grabbing their hips, touching their lower backs, running their hand across their shoulders, or brushing against their ass but if you are or look like a woman, it's a free for all
Under communism, there's a full time position of a dude that goes around touching other guys "innocently". It continues until men get the message.
Kitchen worker here, if you are in a position where it is pretty essential thar someone known precisely where you are behind them cause you have something sharp or hot and it's a tight space, HAND ON THE SHOULDERBLADE, let's em know what direction you're coming from and going to and isn't weird. This is also only necessary when there are safety reasons for doing so, otherwise just don't touch people.
Yeah I worked in a restaurant and we got by on saying "behind" or "behind with a knife"
That's not at all what I'm talking about here
On rare occasions people do need to make their way through a crowd quickly generally in an airport or train station situation. In those specific cases knowing how to shove through appropriately is good. But as I said, in general circumstances there is no damn need to touch anyone. I work in a pizza place where there can be people with 4 foot long paddles loading and turning pizzas at the same time with a 600 degree open oven on one side and people making pizza with their backs turned to the oven, if you're going through that with sharp or hot things holding out a free hand to shoulder tap as you go by so to make sure everyone is at arms length and they know where you are fairly accurately has prevented some potentially serious accidents. Usually you can just yell SHARP or HOT and proceed but during busy times that passage gets cramped. Even then use the back of your hand or a closed hand, open palm is kinda weird.