The title refers to the black-and-white aesthetic of the episode. Chiaroscuro is an artistic technique that uses strong lights and darks (chiaro, bright and oscuro, dark) to create contrasts, so as to give a starker, more dramatic and sometimes three-dimensional feel to the two-dimensional image. A notable user was Leonardo Da Vinci, whose hologram has made a number of appearances in Star Trek (VOY: “Scorpion, Part 1”).

The stardate is 2122.4. The system shown on screen is Mat’Aar, its first appearance in lore. The technobabble explanation for the black-and-white look is the “infrared blackbody spectra” from the Mat’Aaran star whose radiation affects how people see colour. This is the same explanation as to why the outdoor scenes on the Harkonnen homeworld of Gledi Prime were black-and-white in the movie Dune: Part Two. The 9th episode of the fan film series Star Trek Continues, “What Ships Are For”, featured Hyalinus, an asteroid whose sun produces radiation that stops the eyes’ cones from working, making everything appear monochrome.

The last time the Klingons and the Federation were in open conflict was during the Klingon War of 2257-2258, some 5-6 years ago from SNW’s present day. Since then, the two powers have enjoyed an uneasy peace, which will once again erupt into open conflict a few years from now in 2266-67 (TOS: “Errand of Mercy”).

With Una on the mission is Uhura and M’Benga. The latter served in the Klingon War as a special forces operative code-named “The Ghost” (SNW: “Under the Cloak of War”).

Una’s fondness for rules is why the crew nicknamed her “Where Fun Goes to Die” (SNW: “Spock Amok”).

The art deco architecture and fashion of Mat’Aar XII, coupled with the black-and-white motif and plot are designed to evoke a 1940s film noir atmosphere, with the Klingon occupation, resistance and collaborators reminiscent of other films of the era like 1942’s Casablanca.

M’Benga’s reference to Una pretending to be someone she’s not refers to her years hiding her Illyrian heritage (SNW: “Ad Astra Per Aspera”).

Uhura quotes partially from Casablanca, “Of all the gin-joints in all the towns in all the world… she walks into mine.”

La’An’s transformation into a Vulcan took place in SNW: “Four and a Half Vulcans”, where she began to exhibit aggressive and paranoid traits more commonly associated with Romulan culture. Some of it was chalked up to her Augment heritage.

The legendary Commander Kor was first played by the inimitable John Colicos in “Errand of Mercy”, who subsequently reprised the role in DS9: “Blood Oath”, “The Sword of Kahless” and “Once More Unto the Breach”. As M’Benga notes, Kor is a member of the House of Kor, part of the Klingon Imperial Family (“Once More Unto the Breach”), which traces its descent from Kahless the Unforgettable, founder of Klingon civilization (TOS: “The Savage Curtain”). He is played here by actor Demore Barnes who, like Colicos, is Canadian.

The machine the resistance woman refers to is the Klingon mind scanner (“Errand of Mercy”), also known as a mind sifter or mind ripper, which scans a subject’s thoughts but sometimes destructively. M’Benga alludes to the idea that in a vast universe, we will eventually run into our own doppelgängers. This is the kind of excuse that TOS came up with to explain the number of Earth-like civilizations Enteprise ran into by citing “Hodgkin’s Law of Parallel Planetary Development” (TOS: “Bread and Circuses”).

M’Benga refers to the Borgia plant, which is similar to the nightshade plant and common to Class M plants (TOS: “The Man Trap”). The Borgias were a powerful Renaissance family that were reputed to use poison to eliminate their rivals.

Kor is shown as a ridge-headed Klingon, unlike his depiction in TOS but in line with how he is portrayed in DS9. The whole Klingon ridges thing is a rabbit hole I really don’t have space to get into right now, but I’m sure someone will bring it up elsewhere in a thread.

Kor’s claim that serving the Empire is the noblest honour reminds me of the concept of kuve, or “servitor” species in the seminal TOS novel The Final Reflection which, although rendered non-canon by events, heavily influenced the depiction of Klingons as a sophisticated warrior culture. In the novel, the Klingons’ position is also that there is no shame in being conquered and rendered kuve because they are serving a superior species.

Uhura uses the alias Nyota Nakuru. M’Benga was born in Nakuru, Kenya on 29 December 2223 (“Under the Cloak of War”). Neodymium is a real-world rare earth element, commonly used in magnets, but it is mentioned in DS9: “In the Cards” as being part of a neodymium power cell. Here Kor mentions it in conjunction with munitions.

Allakas malt was an alcoholic beverage first mentioned in ENT: “The Communicator”.

A targ is a Klingon animal, like a cross between a pig and a dog, and often domesticated.

Scotty says, “Cross my heart, hope to get stuck in a pattern buffer.” He will, in fact, be stuck in a transporter pattern buffer for 75 years (TNG: “Relics”), but on purpose.

M’Benga says that a parent would do anything to protect their child. He might be thinking about his own daughter, Rukiya, for whom he took extraordinary measures to preserve her life when she was dying from chinokemia (SNW: “The Elysian Kingdom”).

This is the first time the T’Gal regional dialect of Klingon has been mentioned.

The Klingons entering the club are singing the same drinking song Worf and Huraga sang in DS9: “The Way of the Warrior”. The Doctor and Seven also sing it in VOY: “Barge of the Dead”. The Mat’Aarians singing back in defiance copies an identical scene from Casablanca where German soldiers singing the patriotic “Die Wacht am Rhein” are drowned out by other patrons singing the French national anthem “La Marseillaise”.

Bloodwine is a Klingon alcoholic beverage which is made from stomping on serpent worms in the same way wine is made from grapes on Earth (LD: “A Farewell to Farms”).

The USS Yang (NCC-321616) was a 32nd century Friendship-class starship (DIS: “That Hope is You, Part 2”, SFA: “Rubincon”). Chapel’s Yang would be, of course, the 23rd century namesake.

This is the first mention of Ülget in lore.

As the shuttle leaves the system, colour fades back into the closing scene.

The title refers to the black-and-white aesthetic of the episode. Chiaroscuro is an artistic technique that uses strong lights and darks (chiaro, bright and oscuro, dark) to create contrasts, so as to give a starker, more dramatic and sometimes three-dimensional feel to the two-dimensional image. A notable user was Leonardo Da Vinci, whose hologram has made a number of appearances in Star Trek (VOY: “Scorpion, Part 1”).

The stardate is 2122.4. The system shown on screen is Mat’Aar, its first appearance in lore. The technobabble explanation for the black-and-white look is the “infrared blackbody spectra” from the Mat’Aaran star whose radiation affects how people see colour. This is the same explanation as to why the outdoor scenes on the Harkonnen homeworld of Gledi Prime were black-and-white in the movie Dune: Part Two. The 9th episode of the fan film series Star Trek Continues, “What Ships Are For”, featured Hyalinus, an asteroid whose sun produces radiation that stops the eyes’ cones from working, making everything appear monochrome.

The last time the Klingons and the Federation were in open conflict was during the Klingon War of 2257-2258, some 5-6 years ago from SNW’s present day. Since then, the two powers have enjoyed an uneasy peace, which will once again erupt into open conflict a few years from now in 2266-67 (TOS: “Errand of Mercy”).

With Una on the mission is Uhura and M’Benga. The latter served in the Klingon War as a special forces operative code-named “The Ghost” (SNW: “Under the Cloak of War”).

Una’s fondness for rules is why the crew nicknamed her “Where Fun Goes to Die” (SNW: “Spock Amok”).

The art deco architecture and fashion of Mat’Aar XII, coupled with the black-and-white motif and plot are designed to evoke a 1940s film noir atmosphere, with the Klingon occupation, resistance and collaborators reminiscent of other films of the era like 1942’s Casablanca.

M’Benga’s reference to Una pretending to be someone she’s not refers to her years hiding her Illyrian heritage (SNW: “Ad Astra Per Aspera”).

Uhura quotes partially from Casablanca, “Of all the gin-joints in all the towns in all the world… she walks into mine.”

La’An’s transformation into a Vulcan took place in SNW: “Four and a Half Vulcans”, where she began to exhibit aggressive and paranoid traits more commonly associated with Romulan culture. Some of it was chalked up to her Augment heritage.

The legendary Commander Kor was first played by the inimitable John Colicos in “Errand of Mercy”, who subsequently reprised the role in DS9: “Blood Oath”, “The Sword of Kahless” and “Once More Unto the Breach”. As M’Benga notes, Kor is a member of the House of Kor, part of the Klingon Imperial Family (“Once More Unto the Breach”), which traces its descent from Kahless the Unforgettable, founder of Klingon civilization (TOS: “The Savage Curtain”). He is played here by actor Demore Barnes who, like Colicos, is Canadian.

The machine the resistance woman refers to is the Klingon mind scanner (“Errand of Mercy”), also known as a mind sifter or mind ripper, which scans a subject’s thoughts but sometimes destructively. M’Benga alludes to the idea that in a vast universe, we will eventually run into our own doppelgängers. This is the kind of excuse that TOS came up with to explain the number of Earth-like civilizations Enteprise ran into by citing “Hodgkin’s Law of Parallel Planetary Development” (TOS: “Bread and Circuses”).

M’Benga refers to the Borgia plant, which is similar to the nightshade plant and common to Class M plants (TOS: “The Man Trap”). The Borgias were a powerful Renaissance family that were reputed to use poison to eliminate their rivals.

Kor is shown as a ridge-headed Klingon, unlike his depiction in TOS but in line with how he is portrayed in DS9. The whole Klingon ridges thing is a rabbit hole I really don’t have space to get into right now, but I’m sure someone will bring it up elsewhere in a thread.

Kor’s claim that serving the Empire is the noblest honour reminds me of the concept of kuve, or “servitor” species in the seminal TOS novel The Final Reflection which, although rendered non-canon by events, heavily influenced the depiction of Klingons as a sophisticated warrior culture. In the novel, the Klingons’ position is also that there is no shame in being conquered and rendered kuve because they are serving a superior species.

Uhura uses the alias Nyota Nakuru. M’Benga was born in Nakuru, Kenya on 29 December 2223 (“Under the Cloak of War”). Neodymium is a real-world rare earth element, commonly used in magnets, but it is mentioned in DS9: “In the Cards” as being part of a neodymium power cell. Here Kor mentions it in conjunction with munitions.

Allakas malt was an alcoholic beverage first mentioned in ENT: “The Communicator”.

A targ is a Klingon animal, like a cross between a pig and a dog, and often domesticated.

Scotty says, “Cross my heart, hope to get stuck in a pattern buffer.” He will, in fact, be stuck in a transporter pattern buffer for 75 years (TNG: “Relics”), but on purpose.

M’Benga says that a parent would do anything to protect their child. He might be thinking about his own daughter, Rukiya, for whom he took extraordinary measures to preserve her life when she was dying from chinokemia (SNW: “The Elysian Kingdom”).

This is the first time the T’Gal regional dialect of Klingon has been mentioned.

The Klingons entering the club are singing the same drinking song Worf and Huraga sang in DS9: “The Way of the Warrior”. The Doctor and Seven also sing it in VOY: “Barge of the Dead”. The Mat’Aarians singing back in defiance copies an identical scene from Casablanca where German soldiers singing the patriotic “Die Wacht am Rhein” are drowned out by other patrons singing the French national anthem “La Marseillaise”.

Bloodwine is a Klingon alcoholic beverage which is made from stomping on serpent worms in the same way wine is made from grapes on Earth (LD: “A Farewell to Farms”).

The USS Yang (NCC-321616) was a 32nd century Friendship-class starship (DIS: “That Hope is You, Part 2”, SFA: “Rubincon”). Chapel’s Yang would be, of course, the 23rd century namesake.

This is the first mention of Ülget in lore.

As the shuttle leaves the system, colour fades back into the closing scene.

The stardate is 2011.7. This is the first mention of the Rodaxian system in lore. It was established in TNG that starships run on a three-shift rotation (8 hours each), although some captains preferred four shifts (TNG: “Chain of Command”).

Uhura says the Rodaxians are very specific as to how they want to be spoken to. Another alien race which is very exacting in their diplomatic protocols - especially a ritual greeting to open negotiations - is the insectoid Jarada (TNG: “The Big Goodbye”).

Some of the promotional video for the Cesnar Grand is in a limited animation style resembling that of TAS. We see a female Aquan (TAS: “The Ambergris Element”) doing yoga, dressed the same way as in the episode, albeit not breathing water as her species is supposed to do. Next we see an Edosian singing, and an Andorian that resembles Thelin, the XO of Enterprise in an altered timeline (TAS: “Yesteryear). We see a Vulcan playing the Vulcan lute who resembles Sarek as portrayed in “Yesteryear”, and on the sofa is a woman dressed like the android Andrea from TOS: “What Are Little Girls Made Of?” Which reminds me, Roger Korby should have gone missing on Exo III by now.

We see a tribble purring and gliding over the wreckage of Ortegas’ shore leave (TOS: “The Trouble with Tribbles”). Ortegas is wearing a headband with fake Andorian antennae. On the table is a plush toy or stuffed Alfa 177 canine (TOS: “The Enemy Within”). Scotty is wearing a mugato costume (TOS: “A Private Little War”), which we also saw in SFA: “Vitus Reflux”, as the mugato is the mascot of the 32nd century Starfleet War College.

The episode is written by Kathryn Lyn, who previously worked in LD, first as a “canon consultant” and then writing the iconic LD: “wej Duj”, which was nominated for a Hugo award. This may explain the LD-ish tone of the episode.

Kirk and Spock shared a mind meld in SNW: “New Life and New Civilizations” in order to coordinate an attack between Enterprise and Farragut, the first of a number in their friendship over the decades.

Una is singing “Total Eclipse of the Heart” in Klingon.

“It’s green,” is a line Scotty uses to describe an alcoholic beverage in TOS: “By Any Other Name”. When Data takes a similar looking bottle from under Guinan’s counter in Ten Forward in TNG: “Relics”, he uses the same line to answer an older Scotty’s question. That drink is identified by Picard later in the episode as Aldebaran whiskey.

Pike asks what they think of a face tattoo. In VOY, the character of Chakotay has one. This is the second episode in a row Anson Mount gets to play his “crazed Pike” expression, although the one in SNW: “The Griffin Incident” was of course psychotic rather than drunk. Pike has a cabin in Bear Creek, Montana (SNW: “Strange New Worlds”).

The closed captions have Scotty saying “tellurite”, which is an oxyanion of the element tellurium. He probably meant “Tellarite”.

The running gag of Vulcans looking perfectly fine but insisting they are out of control originated in “wej Duj” and previously referred to in SNW: “Ad Astra Per Aspera”. The significance of the title is made clear when Spock says to Kirk that he’s never had a “human best friend”.

Anbo-jyutsu is a martial arts/competitive area game first seen in TNG: “The Icarus Factor”. It’s also appeared twice on LD (LD: “wej Duj”, “Mugato, Gumato”). The Bingo Caller is Kathryn Lyn herself, probably in the persona of K’Lyn, a Vulcan character she cosplays as, and the inspiration for T’Lyn’s name in LD.

Ortegas’ brother (last seen in SNW: “Four-and-a-Half Vulcans”) is Umberto Ortegas, but she calls him “Beto” (a common nickname for Spanish names that end in “-berto Ortegas’ brother (last seen in SNW: “Four-and-a-Half Vulcans”) is Umberto Ortegas, but she calls him “Beto” (a common nickname for Spanish names that end in “-berto”). Scotty reveals he has 6 brothers, 4 of them adopted - previously undisclosed on-screen. He does not mention a sister, however, one assumes he must have at least one because his nephew in ST II was Peter Preston, not Scott, unless naming conventions have changed. ”).

Pike has letters in pIqaD the Klingon script, tattooed on his face. However, it is a simple substitution and the words are English. The one on the forehead reads “hair today Gorn tomorrow”, both a pun on the saying “hair today, gone tomorrow” and a reference to Pike’s hair, a perennial fan obsession.

Isolinear chips were introduced into lore in TNG, but it was mentioned in “Relics” that they only replaced duotronic chips c.2329. However, technological progress has been altered, probably due to time travel shenanigans like those in SNW: “Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow”.

Spock mentions Quadrium particles which are native to the Rodaxian system. Varuvian is an ore which is a component of a varuvian bomb, which has enough explosive power to destroy a planet (LD: “First First Contact”). Niritlin is also an explosive compound (DS9: “Improbable Cause”).

A zeptosecond is one sextillionth of a second - the smallest unit of time ever measured. The time it takes for a photon to cross the length of a hydrogen molecule is 247 zeptoseconds. A transporter cycle, from dematerialisation to rematerialisation, in the 24th century takes about 3-5 seconds.

Scotty nearly gets his thumb blown off. In real life, actor James Doohan was accidentally shot six times by a sentry during D-Day, one of which cost him the middle finger on his right hand. He hid his missing finger during his acting career, usually by holding his hand at strategic angles, although occasionally you can spot it in episodes like “The Trouble with Tribbles” and TOS: “Catspaw”.

The stardate is 2011.7. This is the first mention of the Rodaxian system in lore. It was established in TNG that starships run on a three-shift rotation (8 hours each), although some captains preferred four shifts (TNG: “Chain of Command”).

Uhura says the Rodaxians are very specific as to how they want to be spoken to. Another alien race which is very exacting in their diplomatic protocols - especially a ritual greeting to open negotiations - is the insectoid Jarada (TNG: “The Big Goodbye”).

Some of the promotional video for the Cesnar Grand is in a limited animation style resembling that of TAS. We see a female Aquan (TAS: “The Ambergris Element”) doing yoga, dressed the same way as in the episode, albeit not breathing water as her species is supposed to do. Next we see an Edosian singing, and an Andorian that resembles Thelin, the XO of Enterprise in an altered timeline (TAS: “Yesteryear). We see a Vulcan playing the Vulcan lute who resembles Sarek as portrayed in “Yesteryear”, and on the sofa is a woman dressed like the android Andrea from TOS: “What Are Little Girls Made Of?” Which reminds me, Roger Korby should have gone missing on Exo III by now.

We see a tribble purring and gliding over the wreckage of Ortegas’ shore leave (TOS: “The Trouble with Tribbles”). Ortegas is wearing a headband with fake Andorian antennae. On the table is a plush toy or stuffed Alfa 177 canine (TOS: “The Enemy Within”). Scotty is wearing a mugato costume (TOS: “A Private Little War”), which we also saw in SFA: “Vitus Reflux”, as the mugato is the mascot of the 32nd century Starfleet War College.

The episode is written by Kathryn Lyn, who previously worked in LD, first as a “canon consultant” and then writing the iconic LD: “wej Duj”, which was nominated for a Hugo award. This may explain the LD-ish tone of the episode.

Kirk and Spock shared a mind meld in SNW: “New Life and New Civilizations” in order to coordinate an attack between Enterprise and Farragut, the first of a number in their friendship over the decades.

Una is singing “Total Eclipse of the Heart” in Klingon.

“It’s green,” is a line Scotty uses to describe an alcoholic beverage in TOS: “By Any Other Name”. When Data takes a similar looking bottle from under Guinan’s counter in Ten Forward in TNG: “Relics”, he uses the same line to answer an older Scotty’s question. That drink is identified by Picard later in the episode as Aldebaran whiskey.

Pike asks what they think of a face tattoo. In VOY, the character of Chakotay has one. This is the second episode in a row Anson Mount gets to play his “crazed Pike” expression, although the one in SNW: “The Griffin Incident” was of course psychotic rather than drunk. Pike has a cabin in Bear Creek, Montana (SNW: “Strange New Worlds”).

The closed captions have Scotty saying “tellurite”, which is an oxyanion of the element tellurium. He probably meant “Tellarite”.

The running gag of Vulcans looking perfectly fine but insisting they are out of control originated in “wej Duj” and previously referred to in SNW: “Ad Astra Per Aspera”. The significance of the title is made clear when Spock says to Kirk that he’s never had a “human best friend”.

Anbo-jyutsu is a martial arts/competitive area game first seen in TNG: “The Icarus Factor”. It’s also appeared twice on LD (LD: “wej Duj”, “Mugato, Gumato”). The Bingo Caller is Kathryn Lyn herself, probably in the persona of K’Lyn, a Vulcan character she cosplays as, and the inspiration for T’Lyn’s name in LD.

Ortegas’ brother (last seen in SNW: “Four-and-a-Half Vulcans”) is Umberto Ortegas, but she calls him “Beto” (a common nickname for Spanish names that end in “-berto”). Scotty reveals he has 6 brothers, 4 of them adopted - previously undisclosed on-screen. He does not mention a sister, however, one assumes he must have at least one because his nephew in ST II was Peter Preston, not Scott, unless naming conventions have changed.

Pike has letters in pIqaD the Klingon script, tattooed on his face. However, it is a simple substitution and the words are English. The one on the forehead reads “hair today Gorn tomorrow”, both a pun on the saying “hair today, gone tomorrow” and a reference to Pike’s hair, a perennial fan obsession.

Isolinear chips were introduced into lore in TNG, but it was mentioned in “Relics” that they only replaced duotronic chips c.2329. However, technological progress has been altered, probably due to time travel shenanigans like those in SNW: “Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow”.

Spock mentions Quadrium particles which are native to the Rodaxian system. Varuvian is an ore which is a component of a varuvian bomb, which has enough explosive power to destroy a planet (LD: “First First Contact”). Niritlin is also an explosive compound (DS9: “Improbable Cause”).

A zeptosecond is one sextillionth of a second - the smallest unit of time ever measured. The time it takes for a photon to cross the length of a hydrogen molecule is 247 zeptoseconds. A transporter cycle, from dematerialisation to rematerialisation, in the 24th century takes about 3-5 seconds.

Scotty nearly gets his thumb blown off. In real life, actor James Doohan was accidentally shot six times by a sentry during D-Day, one of which cost him the middle finger on his right hand. He hid his missing finger during his acting career, usually by holding his hand at strategic angles, although occasionally you can spot it in episodes like “The Trouble with Tribbles” and TOS: “Catspaw”.

The stardate is 2903.9. La’An might be preoccupied because of her discovery that her Augment genes are asserting themselves as seen last episode. Kirk’s last appearance was in SNW: “New Life and New Civilizations.”

The USS Griffin has the registry number NCC-1067 and appears to be a Constitution-class based on its configuration and crew complement of 300 (in contrast Enterprise has 203). Griffin disappeared “nine years ago”, which by my reckoning that the current year is 2263, places the disappearance around 2254, the same year as TOS: “The Cage”.

Previously the number NCC-1067-M was assigned to the seed vault ship USS Tikhov (DIS: “Die Trying”) in the 32nd century, and it was said there that the starship’s predecessors dated back to the 23rd century. It is not clear if the 1067 number was reassigned to Tikhov after Griffin’s loss or if this is a continuity error.

Griffin’s commander was CAPT Taggert. In the affectionate parody Galaxy Quest, the captain of the fictional NSEA Protector was Peter Quincy Taggart.

Kirk claims he was a Boy Scout. In ST II, Carol Marcus says, “Jim Kirk was many things, but he was never a Boy Scout.” Kirk refers to his son, David Marcus. ADM William Smillie is the name given in the novelization of ST IV to the Commander-in-Chief of Starfleet in 2293, who was unnamed on-screen.

As Kirk empties out his bag, one of things that falls out is a paperback edition of Patrick O’Brian’s Master and Commander, the first of his Aubrey/Maturin nautical adventure novels set during the Napoleonic Wars. Ironically, the direct inspiration for Kirk is not Jack Aubrey but another famous fictional commander, C.S. Forester’s Horatio Hornblower. Kirk having something as old-fashioned (at least in the 23rd century) as a physical book is also notable, as prior to this we assumed that he started his fascination with printed books only after meeting Samuel T. Cogley in TOS: “Court Martial”.

The masks that the landing party are wearing more modern-looking version of those worn by the landing party in TOS: “The Squire of Gothos”.

La’An’s saying how it seems like everyone took a coffee break echoes stories of the abandoned ship Mary Celeste. Arthur Conan Doyle’s account of the mystery of the deserted ship (“J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement") embellished it with fictional details such as the presence of still-warm cups of coffee and uneaten meals laid out, which have become part of the folklore.

Division 12, which seems to be an X-Files-type branch of Starfleet, was first mentioned by Ortegas in SNW: “Terrarium”. The name seems to be inspired by Majestic-12, the secret government group in charge of covering up UFOs in conspiracy lore.

La’An mentions “the MLK”. The USS *Martin Luther King Starfleet, was first mentioned by Ortegas she was cast adrift by the Gorn. Una Chin-Riley was an Ensign on that ship (SNW: “Strange New Worlds”).

A common belief among parapsychologists is that the presence of negative ions indicates the presence of ghosts. Kirk and Spock both appear to be familiar with this idea. With this, the Mary Celeste echo, Division 12, and the taking of ley lines and ancient astronauts as givens in “New Life” and SNW: “Through the Lens of Time” respectively, I’m pretty certain someone on the writing staff is into paranormal phenomena.

The body bag Spock picks up is labelled LT Ta’Arn, a Vulcan. It’s a bit dark so I can’t make out the serial number.

Kirk says that Carol has been approved for a “dream project”, which could refer leythe Genesileyroject. His noting that she fears for his safety in Starfleet echoes her dialogue in ST II where she tells him that she didn’t want David “chasing through the universe with his father.” LT George Samuel Kirk, Jr., however, is able to balance his Starfleet duties with his wife Aurelian and three sons (TOS: “Operation: Annihilate!”)… at least for now.

Of note in CMDR Rose Harper's file is that she was born in 6 February 2227 and is from Epsilon Delta V. The planet Epsilon Delta IV was featured in the 1979 novel Trek to Madworld by Stephen Goldin. She was valedictorian in her class at Starfleet Academy and served on the USS Exeter (TOS: "The Omega Glory"). There, she survived the Battle of Caprell and took over the ship when the captain and XO had been incapacitated.

While on Griffin Harper noticed crew members exhibiting erratic behaviour and informed medical and CPT Taggert. This included violent outbursts, self-harm and delusions, although the file notes these reports were unsubstantiated (signed by Dr G’Har). Harper then became more paranoid, was relieved of duty by Taggert and confined to quarters. 13 deaths by stabbing and 8 deaths by strangulation followed.

Then there is a notation that she became Acting Captain. 287 persons were transported off the ship, the destination indeterminate ("possible non-inclusive space" says the file, the computer clarifies verbally as open space). Harper took the safeties offline.

La'An's summary largely aligns with this, although the computer says 13 strangulations and 8 stabbings instead despite the production art showing it the other way around.

The rising of an apparent corpse from sickbay beds echoes a similar scene (a hallucination) from TNG: “Night Terrors”. Who Spock sees is his ex-fiancee T’Pring, last seen in SNW: “Charades”.

The name of the party’s shuttle is Alvarez, probably named after Luis Walter Alvarez, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1968. Together with his son Walter, he came up with the Alvarez Hypothesis which sought to explain the extinction of the dinosaurs as resulting from an asteroid impact (SNW: “Valles Marineris”).

T’Pring knows that Griffin was missing? Just how famous is this disappearance? This should have been your first clue, Spock.

T’Pring* knows about the fact that Griffin is missing? How famous is this disappearance?

The *kahs-wanr”). T’Pring also mentions a Vulcan poet, Ka’nina. Hilariously, this is similarly pronounced to an expletive in the Chinese dialect Hokkien (translated as “f**k your mother”), although I suspect the writers may not be aware of this.

Sam says Carol and David are headed to Epsilon V, which is vague enough a reference that it could be anywhere (Epsilon Eridani, Epsilon Hydrae, etc.). I mean, even Epsilon Delta doesn’t make much sense as a system name if you know standard stellar naming conventions, where the second word is the name of the constellation and if the first word is a Greek letter, it indicates a star within that constellation. And that’s before you add a Roman numeral to indicate which planet in that system.

According to the Franz Joseph Constitution-class deck plans, Deck 17 is crew quarters in the secondary hull.

T’Pring, in order to reach Spock’s heart, starts to go for the mid- to lower-right side of his torso. It was established as early as in TOS: “Mudd’s Women” that Spock’s heart is where a human’s liver should be, but the series has not always been consistent about this.

Sam hears his son Peter’s voice - Peter Kirk is the only one of his sons named on screen (“Operation: Annihilate!”).

Ortega’s agony in the transporter is similar to the transporter accident at the beginning of TMP.

Sam says they’ll die in space, “alone… like Kirks are born to do.” Sam does die alone in “Operation: Annihilate!”. In ST V Kirk says that he’s always known he’ll die alone, but Generations has Picard with him as he dies. Prior to ST 2009, starship viewscreens were not actual windows but monitors that displayed the view outside. However, this has changed since the 2009 movie and DIS. Since Sam’s death here contradicts his actual canon death in “Operation: Annihilate!”, it’s our first explicit clue that what’s happening isn’t real.

Pike talks about being “free of his fate”, referring to his knowledge that he will eventually become paralyzed due to exposure to delta rays (TOS: “The Menagerie”), a fate Spock is also aware of.

As La’An prophecises, David Marcus did indeed die “at the end of a blade”, killed by Kruge in ST III, although not in a dark corner of space but on the Genesis Planet.

Chapel refers to the brief Klingon-Federation War of 2257-2258 in which she served in a medical capacity together with M’Benga (SNW: “Under the Cloak of War”).

The stardate is 2903.9. La’An might be preoccupied because of her discovery that her Augment genes are asserting themselves as seen last episode. Kirk’s last appearance was in SNW: “New Life and New Civilizations.”

The USS Griffin has the registry number NCC-1067 and appears to be a Constitution-class based on its configuration and crew complement of 300 (in contrast Enterprise has 203). Griffin disappeared “nine years ago”, which by my reckoning that the current year is 2263, places the disappearance around 2254, the same year as TOS: “The Cage”.

Previously the number NCC-1067-M was assigned to the seed vault ship USS Tikhov (DIS: “Die Trying”) in the 32nd century, and it was said there that the starship’s predecessors dated back to the 23rd century. It is not clear if the 1067 number was reassigned to Tikhov after Griffin’s loss or if this is a continuity error.

Griffin’s commander was CAPT Taggert. In the affectionate parody Galaxy Quest, the captain of the fictional NSEA Protector was Peter Quincy Taggart.

Kirk claims he was a Boy Scout. In ST II, Carol Marcus says, “Jim Kirk was many things, but he was never a Boy Scout.” Kirk refers to his son, David Marcus. ADM William Smillie is the name given in the novelization of ST IV to the Commander-in-Chief of Starfleet in 2293, who was unnamed on-screen.

As Kirk empties out his bag, one of things that falls out is a paperback edition of Patrick O’Brian’s Master and Commander, the first of his Aubrey/Maturin nautical adventure novels set during the Napoleonic Wars. Ironically, the direct inspiration for Kirk is not Jack Aubrey but another famous fictional commander, C.S. Forester’s Horatio Hornblower. Kirk having something as old-fashioned (at least in the 23rd century) as a physical book is also notable, as prior to this we assumed that he started his fascination with printed books only after meeting Samuel T. Cogley in TOS: “Court Martial”.

The masks that the landing party are wearing more modern-looking version of those worn by the landing party in TOS: “The Squire of Gothos”.

La’An’s saying how it seems like everyone took a coffee break echoes stories of the abandoned ship Mary Celeste. Arthur Conan Doyle’s account of the mystery of the deserted ship (“J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement") embellished it with fictional details such as the presence of still-warm cups of coffee and uneaten meals laid out, which have become part of the folklore.

Division 12, which seems to be an X-Files-type branch of Starfleet, was first mentioned by Ortegas in SNW: “Terrarium”. The name seems to be inspired by Majestic-12, the secret government group in charge of covering up UFOs in conspiracy lore.

La’An mentions “the MLK”. The USS *Martin Luther KingStarfleet, was first mentioned by Ortegasn she was cast adrift by the Gorn. Una Chin-Riley was an Ensign on that ship (SNW: “Strange New Worlds”).

A common belief among parapsychologists is that the presence of negative ions indicates the presence of ghosts. Kirk and Spock both appear to be familiar with this idea. With this, the Mary Celeste echo, Division 12, and the taking of ley lines and ancient astronauts as givens in “New Life” and SNW: “Through the Lens of Time” respectively, I’m pretty certain someone on the writing staff is into paranormal phenomena.

The body bag Spock picks up is labelled LT Ta’Arn, a Vulcan. It’s a bit dark so I can’t make out the serial number.

Kirk says that Carol has been approved for a “dream project”, which could refer leythe Genesisleyoject. His noting that she fears for his safety in Starfleet echoes her dialogue in ST II where she tells him that she didn’t want David “chasing through the universe with his father.” LT George Samuel Kirk, Jr., however, is able to balance his Starfleet duties with his wife Aurelian and three sons (TOS: “Operation: Annihilate!”)… at least for now.

Of note in CMDR Rose Harper's file is that she was born in 6 February 2227 and is from Epsilon Delta V. The planet Epsilon Delta IV was featured in the 1979 novel Trek to Madworld by Stephen Goldin. She was valedictorian in her class at Starfleet Academy and served on the USS Exeter (TOS: "The Omega Glory"). There, she survived the Battle of Caprell and took over the ship when the captain and XO had been incapacitated.

While on Griffin Harper noticed crew members exhibiting erratic behaviour and informed medical and CPT Taggert. This included violent outbursts, self-harm and delusions, although the file notes these reports were unsubstantiated (signed by Dr G’Har). Harper then became more paranoid, was relieved of duty by Taggert and confined to quarters. 13 deaths by stabbing and 8 deaths by strangulation followed.

Then there is a notation that she became Acting Captain. 287 persons were transported off the ship, the destination indeterminate ("possible non-inclusive space" says the file, the computer clarifies verbally as open space). Harper took the safeties offline.

La'An's summary largely aligns with this, although the computer says 13 strangulations and 8 stabbings instead despite the production art showing it the other way around.

The rising of an apparent corpse from sickbay beds echoes a similar scene (a hallucination) from TNG: “Night Terrors”. Who Spock sees is his ex-fiancee T’Pring, last seen in SNW: “Charades”.

The name of the party’s shuttle is Alvarez, probably named after Luis Walter Alvarez, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1968. Together with his son Walter, he came up with the Alvarez Hypothesis which sought to explain the extinction of the dinosaurs as resulting from an asteroid impact (SNW: “Valles Marineris”).

T’Pring knows that Griffin was missing? Just how famous is this disappearance? This should have been your first clue, Spock.

T’Pring* knows about the fact that Griffin is missing? How famous is this disappearance?

The kahs-wan is an ordeal all Vulcan children must go through as a coming-of-age ritual (TAS: “Yesteryear”). T’Pring also mentions a Vulcan poet, Ka’ninaanslated as “f**k your mother”), although I suspect the writers may not be aware of this.

Sam says Carol and David are headed to Epsilon V, which is vague enough a reference that it could be anywhere (Epsilon Eridani, Epsilon Hydrae, etc.). I mean, even Epsilon Delta doesn’t make much sense as a system name if you know standard stellar naming conventions, where the second word is the name of the constellation and if the first word is a Greek letter, it indicates a star within that constellation. And that’s before you add a Roman numeral to indicate which planet in that system.

According to the Franz Joseph Constitution-class deck plans, Deck 17 is crew quarters in the secondary hull.

T’Pring,Eridani, Epsilon Hydraek’s heart, starts to go for the mid- to lower-right side of his torso. It was established as early as in TOS: “Mudd’s Women” that Spock’s heart is where a human’s liver should be, but the series has not always been consistent about this.

Sam hears his son Peter’s voice - Peter Kirk is the only one of his sons named on screen (“Operation: Annihilate!”).

Ortega’s agony in the transporter is similar to the transporter accident at the beginning of TMP.

Sam says they’ll die in space, “alone… like Kirks are born to do.” Sam does die alone in “Operation: Annihilate!”. In ST V Kirk says that he’s always known he’ll die alone, but Generations has Picard with him as he dies. Prior to ST 2009, starship viewscreens were not actual windows but monitors that displayed the view outside. However, this has changed since the 2009 movie and DIS. Since Sam’s death here contradicts his actual canon death in “Operation: Annihilate!”, it’s our first explicit clue that what’s happening isn’t real.

Pike talks about being “free of his fate”, referring to his knowledge that he will eventually become paralyzed due to exposure to delta rays (TOS: “The Menagerie”), a fate Spock is also aware of.

As La’An prophecises, David Marcus did indeed die “at the end of a blade”, killed by Kruge in ST III, although not in a dark corner of space but on the Genesis Planet.

Chapel refers to the brief Klingon-Federation War of 2257-2258 in which she served in a medical capacity together with M’Benga (SNW: “Under the Cloak of War”).

The title refers to the Valles Marineris (Mariner Valleys) canyon system on Mars, the largest in the Solar System. It stretches across nearly a quarter of the planet, roughly 3870 km (2400 miles) in length, spans 600 km (370 miles) at its widest and goes down 9.3 km (5.8 miles) at its deepest. The system was named after the 1971 Mariner 9 Mars orbiter.

The stardate is 2491.5, about six months after the events of SNW: “New Life and New Civilizations”. Pike says this is their 15th mission in a row. This is the first mention of Tulaxar in lore.

Pike’s affinity for horses dates back to his first appearance in TOS: “The Cage”, and he was seen riding in SNW: “Strange New Worlds” as well as keeping a saddle in his quarters (SNW: “Those Old Scientists”). Another captain who enjoys riding is TNG’s Jean-Luc Picard. The way Pike is speaking about meds and not being discovered makes me think this is an aid mission to a Prime Directive-protected planet.

Spock and La’An began a relationship in SNW: “A Space Adventure Hour”. Una is concerned that Pike is keeping busy to not think about the loss of his lover Marie Batel (“New Life and New Civilizations”).

These are the first mentions of the K’thonia disaster and the FFakisha conflict. S’Sha (as the Vulcan cadet is named in IMDB) says Uhura is “several years older” than she is, but is not clear by how much. Spock entered the Academy at age 19, and Uhura was 22 in Season 2 (“Those Old Scientists”), so I estimate her age to be about 23-24 now, making it around 2263-ish.

Pelia claims she saw a category 10 interstellar squall from inside a “phone box”, a reference to the Doctor’s space-time machine, the TARDIS, from the long-running British television series Doctor Who which is permanently stuck in the shape of a British police phone box from the 1960s. We saw the TARDIS floating in the background near a scavenger ship in SNW: “The Sehlat Who Ate Its Tail”.

Ortega’s console is showing Enterprise moving at Warp 6.25 around the storm.

Scotty says they cannot ignite the warp engines without iridium. In TOS: “Bread and Circuses”, the SS Beagle was in need of iridium after suffering unspecified damage.

The shuttlecrSehlat named Curie, presumably after Marie Curie, which follows the convention of naming Enterprise shuttles after scientists like Galileo (TOS: “The Galileo Seven”) or Einstein (TOS: “The Doomsday Machine”). The 24th century successor to Curie was attached to Enterprise-D (TNG: “Parallels”).

65 million years in the past would place the ship in the Cretaceous period, the last hurrah of the dinosaurs, and the period to which the Tyrannosaurus Rex belonged. One might ask where the Voth (VOY: “Distant Origin”) are, but the Doctor hypothesised that they descended from hadrosaurs that survived the extinction of the dinosaurs, which means they evolved after the end of the Cretaceous.

The episode attributes the origin of the Valles Marineris to the crash of a Dol’drm ship, the aliens being an insectoid species. The scar on the planet reminds me of what was left by the Xindi probe (ENT: "The Expanse").

La’An carries Augment genetics as a descendant of Khan Noonien Singh (SNW: “Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow”).

Like Archer did in ENT: "Damage" to an Illyrian ship and a warp coil during the Xindi war, the Martians steal a critical component from Enterprise in service of their war with the Dol'drms, in this case an antimatter fuel cell.

Spock finds a fifth planet between Mars and Jupiter. One of the theories about the origins of the Asteroid Belt are that it was either a planet that never quite formed or the remains of one. I guess the latter is where Star Trek is laying its hat.

The Chicxulub asteroid, named after the Chicxulub Pueblo community on the Yucatan Peninsular where its namesake crater is located, is believed to be the primary cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs. Pelia says she remembers the evolution of humanity, which is another hint to how old she actually is. While Homo sapiens arose around 300,000 years ago, the genus dates back some 2-3 million years at least.

What the crew describes at the end is a predestination paradox. We hate those (DS9: “Trials and Tribble-lations”).

A Princess of Mars is the first John Carter of Mars novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs, describing the adventures of a former Confederate soldier who is astrally transported to a populated Mars in conflict.

Pike says they created the solar storm that sent them back in time as part of the paradox, but it’s not clear how that would have happened, since the explosion that sent them back took place 65 million years in the past and in the Sol system.

The title refers to the Valles Marineris (Mariner Valleys) canyon system on Mars, the largest in the Solar System. It stretches across nearly a quarter of the planet, roughly 3870 km (2400 miles) in length, spans 600 km (370 miles) at its widest and goes down 9.3 km (5.8 miles) at its deepest. The system was named after the 1971 Mariner 9 Mars orbiter.

The stardate is 2491.5, about six months after the events of SNW: “New Life and New Civilizations”. Pike says this is their 15th mission in a row. This is the first mention of Tulaxar in lore.

Pike’s affinity for horses dates back to his first appearance in TOS: “The Cage”, and he was seen riding in SNW: “Strange New Worlds” as well as keeping a saddle in his quarters (SNW: “Those Old Scientists”). Another captain who enjoys riding is TNG’s Jean-Luc Picard. The way Pike is speaking about meds and not being discovered makes me think this is an aid mission to a Prime Directive-protected planet.

Spock and La’An began a relationship in SNW: “A Space Adventure Hour”. Una is concerned that Pike is keeping busy to not think about the loss of his lover Marie Batel (“New Life and New Civilizations”).

These are the first mentions of the K’thonia disaster and the FFakisha conflict. S’Sha (as the Vulcan cadet is named in IMDB) says Uhura is “several years older” than she is, but is not clear by how much. Spock entered the Academy at age 19, and Uhura was 22 in Season 2 (“Those Old Scientists”), so I estimate her age to be about 23-24 now, making it around 2263-ish.

Pelia claims she saw a category 10 interstellar squall from inside a “phone box”, a reference to the Doctor’s space-time machine, the TARDIS, from the long-running British television series Doctor Who which is permanently stuck in the shape of a British police phone box from the 1960s. We saw the TARDIS floating in the background near a scavenger ship in SNW: “The Sehlat Who Ate Its Tail”.

Ortega’s console is showing Enterprise moving at Warp 6.25 around the storm.

Scotty says they cannot ignite the warp engines without iridium. In TOS: “Bread and Circuses”, the SS Beagle was in need of iridium after suffering unspecified damage.

The shuttlecraft is named Curie, presumably after Marie Curie, which follows the convention of naming Enterprise shuttles after scientists like Galileo (TOS: “The Galileo Seven”) or Einstein (TOS: “The Doomsday Machine”). The 24th century successor to Curie was attached to Enterprise-D (TNG: “Parallels”).

65 million years in the past would place the ship in the Cretaceous period, the last hurrah of the dinosaurs, and the period to which the Tyrannosaurus Rex belonged. One might ask where the Voth (VOY: “Distant Origin”) are, but the Doctor hypothesised that they descended from hadrosaurs that survived the extinction of the dinosaurs, which means they evolved after the end of the Cretaceous.

The episode attributes the origin of the Valles Marineris to the crash of a Dol’drm ship, the aliens being an insectoid species. The scar on the planet reminds me of what was left by the Xindi probe (ENT: "The Expanse").

La’An carries Augment genetics as a descendant of Khan Noonien Singh (SNW: “Tomorrow and Tomorrow and Tomorrow”).

Like Archer did in ENT: "Damage" to an Illyrian ship and a warp coil during the Xindi war, the Martians steal a critical component from Enterprise in service of their war with the Dol'drms, in this case an antimatter fuel cell.

Spock finds a fifth planet between Mars and Jupiter. One of the theories about the origins of the Asteroid Belt are that it was either a planet that never quite formed or the remains of one. I guess the latter is where Star Trek is laying its hat.

The Chicxulub asteroid, named after the Chicxulub Pueblo community on the Yucatan Peninsular where its namesake crater is located, is believed to be the primary cause of the extinction of the dinosaurs. Pelia says she remembers the evolution of humanity, which is another hint to how old she actually is. While Homo sapiens arose around 300,000 years ago, the genus dates back some 2-3 million years at least.

What the crew describes at the end is a predestination paradox. We hate those (DS9: “Trials and Tribble-lations”).

A Princess of Mars is the first John Carter of Mars novel by Edgar Rice Burroughs, describing the adventures of a former Confederate soldier who is astrally transported to a populated Mars in conflict.

Pike says they created the solar storm that sent them back in time as part of the paradox, but it’s not clear how that would have happened, since the explosion that sent them back took place 65 million years in the past and in the Sol system.

The seeming misspelling in the title is deliberate and the why will be apparent later in the episode.

The opening flashes back to SFA: “Kids These Days”, when Anisha Mir was sent to prison in 3176 by Nahla. Jett’s “wall of death” is the series of Omega-47 mines encircling Federation space seen in the last moments of SFA: “300th Night”.

“niteb Qob had jup ‘e’ chaw’ve SuvwI’” translates to, “A warrior does not let a friend face danger alone.” It was first heard from Worf to Riker in English in TNG: “The Outcast”. Jay-Den said it in “Kids These Days” when Caleb stopped Darem from bullying him.

Lazarus refers to Lazarus of Bethany, whom Jesus raised from the dead (John 11), and not Lazarus from TOS: “The Alternative Factor”. It is not certain which Pledge of Allegiance Braka is referring to.

Braca discussed trauma loops with Nahla in SFA: “Come, Let’s Away”. Nahla tricked him a simulated warp core breach with in “Kids These Days”, explaining his current reaction.

Nahla paraphrases the legendary Hermes Trismegistus’ Corpus Hermeticum: “Leap clear of all that is corporeal, and make yourself grown to a like expanse with that greatness which is beyond all measure; rise above all time and become eternal; then you will apprehend God.” Basically, if you can’t transcend yourself, you will never understand the transcendent. It is a coded message to run training program Hermes 19.

The Doctor hands Reno his mobile emitter, appropriated from the 29th century Federation timeship Aeon (VOY: “Future’s End”) in 2373, so he's had it nearly 820 years.

Reno talks about a “Level-10” diagnostic. In the TNG era, diagnostic levels ranged from 5 to 1, with 1 being the most intensive (TNG Tech Manual). The levels have seemingly been revised for the 32nd century.

Caleb talks about Starfleet not leaving any man behind, a oft-quoted military slogan dating to Greek and Roman times. In DIS: “Saints of Imperfection”, Pike says, “Starfleet is a promise. I give my life for you, you give your life for me. And nobody gets left behind.”

If 1/8th impulse is less than 1000 km/s, then full impulse is only less than 8000 km/s, which can’t be right, considering that full impulse in the TNG era is 0.25c, which is nearly 75,000 km/s. 1/8th impulse in those terms would be more like 9,300 km/s. Darem should have said, “That’s less than 10,000 km/s,” but then it wouldn’t sound as slow. Scale is hard.

Reno says she’s not a captain. Technically, the person in command of a vessel should be correctly addressed as “captain”, regardless of rank (DS9: “Behind the Lines”).

Braka says, “Today the revolution will be televised!” The origin of that is a 1971 spoken-word jazz poem by Gil Scott-Heron, “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised”. It was recently used in the movie One Battle After Another as a code for the revolutionary group French 75. Between 2012 and 2015 there was also a satirical BBC series titled, “The Revolution Will Be Televised”.

Graffiti’d on the wall in the Atrium are the words “Break. Burn. Build.” Other visible graffiti include “Liberation”, “Take Change”, “Never Again” and "Veni, Vidi, Vinci, Venari", the last being Latin for "I came, I saw, I conquered, I hunted."

The VNN chyron says: “Breaking News. The Federation is compromised. Leaders and civilians are trying to flee Federation space, signalling Federation weakness. Federation oppressors mass their fleet near our border at Betazed - will they seal their own cage?”

As Braka continues, the chyron changes: “Vernari Rai Leader Nus Braka hailed as “hero” as he hold the Federation on trial for crimes against the galaxy. Terrorist or freedom fighter? Learn the true Nus Braka story - more at 2100”.

The moving chyron now says, “New Qo’noS signals willingness to discuss non-aggression pact with Venari Ral Free State.”

It next changes to “The Federation is on trial! Nus Braka hosts the trial of the century aboard the Athena, a gaudy treasure of the pompous Federation. ‘I know him well - he’s pure evil’ claims former Vance aide in shocking exposé”.

Next is “Federation Oppression has been cut off from the rest of the Quadrant as Venari Ral heroes block Starfleet Occupation". It reverts to “Nus Braka hailed as ‘hero’” while the moving chyron says, “Tyrant-in-chief Vance threatens military junta if Federation President Rillak fails to approve his naval aggression”. Laira Rillak was Federation President in DIS Seasons 4 and 5, who had Human, Cardassian and Bajoran ancestry.

Gravitational eddies are found with wormholes (VOY: “Eye of the Needle”, “False Profits”) or singularities (VOY: “Hunters”). Turning into a shockwave was Sulu’s manoeuvre with Excelsior at the beginning of ST VI when Praxis exploded.

Tarima was given a newer, less invasive neuroinhibitor when she came out of her coma (SFA: “The Life of the Stars”). The original was implanted into her neck - this one can be removed without surgery.

Reno knows first hand about being lost on a broken ship. She was on the USS Hiawatha, damaged and crashed during the Federation-Klingon War of 2256-57. The survivors were trapped on an asteroid for 10 months (DIS: “Brother”) before Discovery found and rescued them.

“One emergency at a time,” is akin to an aphorism that Raffi Musiker is fond of in the PIC novel The Last Best Hope: “How do you eat an elephant? One bite at a time.”

The moving chyron says “Aldebaran and Halka join Vernari Ral Free State as dozens of former Federation worlds rally around leadership of visionary Nus Braka”. Aldebaran has been mentioned several times though never seen in lore. Aldebaran whiskey is green (TOS: “By Any Other Name”, TNG: “Relics”). Halka first appeared in TOS: “Mirror, Mirror”.

Nahla says they were trying to create a new power source with Omega-47. That is not as reassuring as it sounds, since the previous disasters with Omega were usually due to trying to synthesise it for use as a power source (VOY: “The Omega Directive”).

Strontium is an element usually used in fireworks and to treat osteoporosis, mined from celestite and strontianite, burning with a crimson flame. Its isotope, Strontium-90, a byproduct of nuclear fission, can cause leukaemia and bone cancer.

“Come on down!” is a catchphrase from the game show The Price is Right.

The main chyron: “Federation oppression has been cut off from the rest of the quadrant as Venari Ral heroes block Starfleet occupation.”

As per “Kids These Days”, Nahla is 422.

Tamza is a dead language both Sam and Lythe know. Sam greeted people in Tamza on her first day at the Academy (“Kids These Days”) and Genesis responded, beginning their friendship.

The Rubicon is a river in northwest Italy, associated with Julius Caesar’s crossing in 49 BC which set off a civil war. The phrase “crossing the Rubicon” now means to commit to an irrevocable course of action - the point of no return Genesis mentions. The Doctor is actually saying “Rubin-con”, setting off the solution to disarming the mines. One wonders if the Doctor remembered Seven managing to stabilise Omega for 3.2 seconds in VOY: "The Omega Directive".

“Science is the captain, and practice the soldiers,” is from The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, XIX: Philosophical Maxims. Morals. Polemics and Speculations.

Tamira narrows Braca’s location to star system Alpha-20-56341255238693-0131.

The fact that Nahla says that Akamu Lee stayed with the Federation “after Earth left” provides an interesting chronological puzzle which I may nerd out about later.

Nahla says there is no Starfleet Anthem. There is, however, an Anthem of the United Federation of Planets (DS9: “Take Me Out to the Holosuite”).

Cadet Krebs’ Talaxian furfly ends the season by leaving the replicator and mating with itself. There was a theory floating around about maybe the saga would pay off by having the furfly replicate, tribble-like, to gum up Braca’s plans, but guess not.

Anisha told the young Caleb that they would visit Earth someday in “Kids These Days”. Caleb notes it’s almost summer, which brings us to June of 3192 as the academic year ends.

The Dean refers to Betazed weddings and not forgetting sunscreen, a subtle reference to the fact that traditional Betazoid weddings are held in the nude. Wearing sunscreen may also refer to a hypothetical commencement speech by Mary Schmirch, often misattributed to author Kurt Vonnegut.

We see in the background a Lurian (Morn’s race from DS9) talking to someone in an operations-coloured hijab. We saw a hijab-wearing crewmember on the USS Cerritos in LD: “The Best Exotic Nanite Hotel”. We get a glimpse of Discovery through a window.

Caleb gives the stardate as 869631.7, which actually places it in August 3192, but I’ve kind of given up trying to calibrate the later digits of stardates anyway. Best guess still places this in June, unless Caleb is recording it later.

The episode closes with “Beautiful Child” by Rufus Wainright. The closing credits say the cadets are from the graduating class of 3196. If the 1st academic year is 3191-92, then that means Starfleet Academy now has a 5-year course - which is actually consistent with TOS: “Bread and Circuses”, where Merik was said to have been dropped in his fifth year after failing a psych test.

While real-world military academies have a 4-year term, there is scattered evidence in production art that suggests the Academy has a 4-year course (notably in PIC: “The Star Gazer”). The old FASA Star Trek RPG split the difference by making it 4-years with a 5th year “cadet cruise”. But then again, the credits also put Lura, Nahla, Vance (nickname “Vancypants”), Athena’s computer and Braka in the class of 3196, so I’m not sure how literally we’re supposed to take this. Adding to the confusion is Caleb saying he’s a “Cadet Second Class”, which actually refers in real life to a cadet’s third year, rather than second.

The seeming misspelling in the title is deliberate and the why will be apparent later in the episode.

The opening flashes back to SFA: “Kids These Days”, when Anisha Mir was sent to prison in 3176 by Nahla. Jett’s “wall of death” is the series of Omega-47 mines encircling Federation space seen in the last moments of SFA: “300th Night”.

“niteb Qob had jup ‘e’ chaw’ve SuvwI’” translates to, “A warrior does not let a friend face danger alone.” It was first heard from Worf to Riker in English in TNG: “The Outcast”. Jay-Den said it in “Kids These Days” when Caleb stopped Darem from bullying him.

Lazarus refers to Lazarus of Bethany, whom Jesus raised from the dead (John 11), and not Lazarus from TOS: “The Alternative Factor”. It is not certain which Pledge of Allegiance Braka is referring to.

Braca discussed trauma loops with Nahla in SFA: “Come, Let’s Away”. Nahla tricked him a simulated warp core breach with in “Kids These Days”, explaining his current reaction.

Nahla paraphrases the legendary Hermes Trismegistus’ Corpus Hermeticum: “Leap clear of all that is corporeal, and make yourself grown to a like expanse with that greatness which is beyond all measure; rise above all time and become eternal; then you will apprehend God.” Basically, if you can’t transcend yourself, you will never understand the transcendent. It is a coded message to run training program Hermes 19.

The Doctor hands Reno his mobile emitter, appropriated from the 29th century Federation timeship Aeon (VOY: “Future’s End”) in 2373, so he's had it nearly 820 years.

Reno talks about a “Level-10” diagnostic. In the TNG era, diagnostic levels ranged from 5 to 1, with 1 being the most intensive (TNG Tech Manual). The levels have seemingly been revised for the 32nd century.

Caleb talks about Starfleet not leaving any man behind, a oft-quoted military slogan dating to Greek and Roman times. In DIS: “Saints of Imperfection”, Pike says, “Starfleet is a promise. I give my life for you, you give your life for me. And nobody gets left behind.”

If 1/8th impulse is less than 1000 km/s, then full impulse is only less than 8000 km/s, which can’t be right, considering that full impulse in the TNG era is 0.25c, which is nearly 75,000 km/s. 1/8th impulse in those terms would be more like 9,300 km/s. Darem should have said, “That’s less than 10,000 km/s,” but then it wouldn’t sound as slow. Scale is hard.

Reno says she’s not a captain. Technically, the person in command of a vessel should be correctly addressed as “captain”, regardless of rank (DS9: “Behind the Lines”).

Braka says, “Today the revolution will be televised!” The origin of that is a 1971 spoken-word jazz poem by Gil Scott-Heron, “The Revolution Will Not Be Televised”. It was recently used in the movie One Battle After Another as a code for the revolutionary group French 75. Between 2012 and 2015 there was also a satirical BBC series titled, “The Revolution Will Be Televised”.

Graffiti’d on the wall in the Atrium are the words “Break. Burn. Build.” Other visible graffiti include “Liberation”, “Take Change”, “Never Again” and "Veni, Vidi, Vinci, Venari", the last being Latin for "I came, I saw, I conquered, I hunted."

The VNN chyron says: “Breaking News. The Federation is compromised. Leaders and civilians are trying to flee Federation space, signalling Federation weakness. Federation oppressors mass their fleet near our border at Betazed - will they seal their own cage?”

As Braka continues, the chyron changes: “Vernari Rai Leader Nus Braka hailed as “hero” as he hold the Federation on trial for crimes against the galaxy. Terrorist or freedom fighter? Learn the true Nus Braka story - more at 2100”.

The moving chyron now says, “New Qo’noS signals willingness to discuss non-aggression pact with Venari Ral Free State.”

It next changes to “The Federation is on trial! Nus Braka hosts the trial of the century aboard the Athena, a gaudy treasure of the pompous Federation. ‘I know him well - he’s pure evil’ claims former Vance aide in shocking exposé”.

Next is “Federation Oppression has been cut off from the rest of the Quadrant as Venari Ral heroes block Starfleet Occupation". It reverts to “Nus Braka hailed as ‘hero’” while the moving chyron says, “Tyrant-in-chief Vance threatens military junta if Federation President Rillak fails to approve his naval aggression”. Laira Rillak was Federation President in DIS Seasons 4 and 5, who had Human, Cardassian and Bajoran ancestry.

Gravitational eddies are found with wormholes (VOY: “Eye of the Needle”, “False Profits”) or singularities (VOY: “Hunters”). Turning into a shockwave was Sulu’s manoeuvre with Excelsior at the beginning of ST VI when Praxis exploded.

Tarima was given a newer, less invasive neuroinhibitor when she came out of her coma (SFA: “The Life of the Stars”). The original was implanted into her neck - this one can be removed without surgery.

Reno knows first hand about being lost on a broken ship. She was on the USS Hiawatha, damaged and crashed during the Federation-Klingon War of 2256-57. The survivors were trapped on an asteroid for 10 months (DIS: “Brother”) before Discovery found and rescued them.

“One emergency at a time,” is akin to an aphorism that Raffi Musiker is fond of in the PIC novel The Last Best Hope: “How do you eat an elephant? One bite at a time.”

The moving chyron says “Aldebaran and Halka join Vernari Ral Free State as dozens of former Federation worlds rally around leadership of visionary Nus Braka”. Aldebaran has been mentioned several times though never seen in lore. Aldebaran whiskey is green (TOS: “By Any Other Name”, TNG: “Relics”). Halka first appeared in TOS: “Mirror, Mirror”.

Nahla says they were trying to create a new power source with Omega-47. That is not as reassuring as it sounds, since the previous disasters with Omega were usually due to trying to synthesise it for use as a power source (VOY: “The Omega Directive”).

Strontium is an element usually used in fireworks and to treat osteoporosis, mined from celestite and strontianite, burning with a crimson flame. Its isotope, Strontium-90, a byproduct of nuclear fission, can cause leukaemia and bone cancer.

“Come on down!” is a catchphrase from the game show The Price is Right.

The main chyron: “Federation oppression has been cut off from the rest of the quadrant as Venari Ral heroes block Starfleet occupation.”

As per “Kids These Days”, Nahla is 422.

Tamza is a dead language both Sam and Lythe know. Sam greeted people in Tamza on her first day at the Academy (“Kids These Days”) and Genesis responded, beginning their friendship.

The Rubicon is a river in northwest Italy, associated with Julius Caesar’s crossing in 49 BC which set off a civil war. The phrase “crossing the Rubicon” now means to commit to an irrevocable course of action - the point of no return Genesis mentions. The Doctor is actually saying “Rubin-con”, setting off the solution to disarming the mines. One wonders if the Doctor remembered Seven managing to stabilise Omega for 3.2 seconds in VOY: "The Omega Directive".

“Science is the captain, and practice the soldiers,” is from The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci, XIX: Philosophical Maxims. Morals. Polemics and Speculations.

Tamira narrows Braca’s location to star system Alpha-20-56341255238693-0131.

The fact that Nahla says that Akamu Lee stayed with the Federation “after Earth left” provides an interesting chronological puzzle which I may nerd out about later.

Nahla says there is no Starfleet Anthem. There is, however, an Anthem of the United Federation of Planets (DS9: “Take Me Out to the Holosuite”).

Cadet Krebs’ Talaxian furfly ends the season by leaving the replicator and mating with itself. There was a theory floating around about maybe the saga would pay off by having the furfly replicate, tribble-like, to gum up Braca’s plans, but guess not.

Anisha told the young Caleb that they would visit Earth someday in “Kids These Days”. Caleb notes it’s almost summer, which brings us to June of 3192 as the academic year ends.

The Dean refers to Betazed weddings and not forgetting sunscreen, a subtle reference to the fact that traditional Betazoid weddings are held in the nude. Wearing sunscreen may also refer to a hypothetical commencement speech by Mary Schmirch, often misattributed to author Kurt Vonnegut.

We see in the background a Lurian (Morn’s race from DS9) talking to someone in an operations-coloured hijab. We saw a hijab-wearing crewmember on the USS Cerritos in LD: “The Best Exotic Nanite Hotel”. We get a glimpse of Discovery through a window.

Caleb gives the stardate as 869631.7, which actually places it in August 3192, but I’ve kind of given up trying to calibrate the later digits of stardates anyway. Best guess still places this in June, unless Caleb is recording it later.

The episode closes with “Beautiful Child” by Rufus Wainright. The closing credits say the cadets are from the graduating class of 3196. If the 1st academic year is 3191-92, then that means Starfleet Academy now has a 5-year course - which is actually consistent with TOS: “Bread and Circuses”, where Merik was said to have been dropped in his fifth year after failing a psych test.

While real-world military academies have a 4-year term, there is scattered evidence in production art that suggests the Academy has a 4-year course (notably in PIC: “The Star Gazer”). The old FASA Star Trek RPG split the difference by making it 4-years with a 5th year “cadet cruise”. But then again, the credits also put Lura, Nahla, Vance (nickname “Vancypants”), Athena’s computer and Braka in the class of 3196, so I’m not sure how literally we’re supposed to take this. Adding to the confusion is Caleb saying he’s a “Cadet Second Class”, which actually refers in real life to a cadet’s third year, rather than second.

The title reflects the 300th day since the start of Fall Semester and as the first caption states, the end of the cadets’ first academic year. That places it around mid- or late June 3192, which is when the academic year in the US usually ends. This also places it approximately 87 days, or just under 3 months, after the previous episode.

The r’uustai is a Klingon ritual where two people bond as brothers and enter each other’s Houses (TNG: “The Bonding”). Chech’tluth is a strong Klingon alcoholic drink that usually looks like it’s smoking (TNG: “Up the Long Ladder”). The word chech in Klingon means to be drunk or intoxicated.

“SoS jiH batlh SoH” translates as “Mother, I honour you.” In the context of TNG: “The Bonding” that made sense as Worf was bonding with Jeremy Aster, who had just lost his mother, so using “SoS” was to honour both their mothers as Jeremy became part of Worf’s House. A more generic word - and probably more appropriate for this r’uustai’s immediate context - for “family” would be qorDu’.

Nus Braka’s theft from J-19 Alpha took place in SFA: “Come, Let’s Away”. Omega molecules (VOY: “The Omega Directive”), when detonated, can destroy surrounding subspace and make warp travel impossible. “47” is an in-joke in Star Trek, dating back to TNG writer Joe Menosky, who went to Pomona College, which had a club called the 47 Society.

Krebs’ Talaxian furfly is now missing and has entered a replicator. This does not bode well.

Sam’s “old me” refers to her memories of attending the Academy prior to her program being reset and this time growing up from childhood on Kasq in SFA: “The Life of the Stars”.

Caleb’s not kidding when he talks about “old classics” like ECC, RSA and 10DES. These are all encryption standards developed in the 20th century, so well over a thousand years old.

Sam says Caleb is 20 years old, but I assume she’s not being precise, since he was separated from his mother nearly 16 years prior, which would make him nearly 22.

Most of the worlds Anisha mentions - Modavi, Elworth V, Ukeck, are first appearances, but the Typhon sector was mentioned as a staging area to confront the Borg cube at the beginning of the TNG movie First Contact. The Typhon Expanse, which may or may not be related, was the area where Enterprise-D was caught in a time loop (TNG: “Cause and Effect”). According to the file, Ukeck is a Class-M planet in the Alpha Quadrant.

40 Eridani A has long been supposed to be Vulcan’s (now Ni’Var) system in fandom. The choice was endorsed by Gene Roddenberry in a 1991 letter published in Sky & Telescope.

Sam’s technobabble somewhat makes sense if you imagine that the shuttle will not be capable of sustaining the same degree of speed as Athena. When the shuttle first exits the bay, even if it’s moving at warp Caleb will have to match its speed with Athena’s by synchronising the two warp bubbles. But once he exits Athena’s warp bubble, there will be a sudden deceleration since the shuttle will be traveling slower. It’s kind of like jumping off a speeding train.

Khionians lacking the enzyme (polyphenol oxidase to be exact) to break down bananas was established in SFA: “Series Acclimation Mil”.

Transwarp tunnels or conduits were used by the Borg, first appearing in TNG: “Descent”, allowing for speeds much faster than conventional warp drive. Abandoned conduits have been used before (PIC: “Broken Pieces”).

Sam’s dad is the Doctor, who on Kasq raised her for 17 years, relative time, in “The Life of the Stars”.

Darem says he thought ships had two nacelles so they don’t fly in circles. According to the TNG Tech Manual, nacelles, firing together or asymmetrically, shape the warp bubble, distorting space to steer the ship in various directions. After research, Starfleet determined that two nacelles were optimal for this. Of course, this doesn’t mean you can’t have more than two or even one nacelle to generate a warp field, but we don’t have time to nerd out about that now (LD: “The New Next Generation”). Khionian glitter vomit was also established in “Series Acclimation Mil”.

The starchart Ake examines shows the location of the mine near what would be in the 24th century the Tzenkethi Coalition. In fact, Tzenketh is still marked in grey (whatever that means) a little to the left and down from it. This is very much also consistent with Geoffrey Mandel’s Star Trek: Star Charts which have been used ever since DIS, but with some additions. From what I can estimate, the first detonation took place at least 50-60 light years away from the current mine. I’m hoping someone manages to release a high-res version I can get my nerdy little hands on.

This is the first time I’ve heard “maggs” as a unit of measurement. Someone has suggested it could be named after series writer/producer Jane Maggs.

Q’mau is another planet outside Fmaggstion space, first appearing in DIS: “Red Directive”. A desert environment, it had a settlement that couriers would go to trade and sell goods, stolen or otherwise. “Pulling a Q’mau” refers to what Discovery and Antares did in that episode, when the starships descended into the atmosphere, beaming up two civilians before combining their shields to block an avalanche. Enterprise-D pulls a similar rescue in PIC: “The Last Generation”.

Isolytic weapons (Insurrection) were banned weapons that could, like Omega, permanently damage subspace. The So’na used isolytic bursts to create subspace tears, and in the 32nd century, Ruon Tarka used an isolytic-type weapon against the 10-C (DIS: “Rubicon”). Given its effects on subspace, it makes sense that it could potentially tear a ship out of warp.

We saw Athena’s saucer separation ability in SFA: “Vox in Excelso”, in the staged battle against the Klingons.

We get a better look at the galactic map as we zoom out to see Nus’ mines surrounding Federation space. Of note is that Klingon space is where it’s supposed to be, the Ferengi Trading Zone is what used to be the Ferengi Alliance, and Cardassian space is labelled where the Cardassian Empire was.

Also, on the Beta Quadrant side of the Federation in what used to be Romulan space is Serrotheyn space. The Serrotheyns first appeared in DIS, with one serving in the United Earth Defense Force (DIS: “People of Earth”) and some working with the Emerald Chain (DIS: “That Hope is You, Part 1”). They had delegates at the Assembly to deal with Species 10-C in DIS: “…But to Connect”. Serrotheyn space was first labeled on a starchart in SFA: “Ko’Zeine”.

The title reflects the 300th day since the start of Fall Semester and as the first caption states, the end of the cadets’ first academic year. That places it around mid- or late June 3192, which is when the academic year in the US usually ends. This also places it approximately 87 days, or just under 3 months, after the previous episode.

The r’uustai is a Klingon ritual where two people bond as brothers and enter each other’s Houses (TNG: “The Bonding”). Chech’tluth is a strong Klingon alcoholic drink that usually looks like it’s smoking (TNG: “Up the Long Ladder”). The word chech in Klingon means to be drunk or intoxicated.

“SoS jiH batlh SoH” translates as “Mother, I honour you.” In the context of TNG: “The Bonding” that made sense as Worf was bonding with Jeremy Aster, who had just lost his mother, so using “SoS” was to honour both their mothers as Jeremy became part of Worf’s House. A more generic word - and probably more appropriate for this r’uustai’s immediate context - for “family” would be qorDu’.

Nus Braka’s theft from J-19 Alpha took place in SFA: “Come, Let’s Away”. Omega molecules (VOY: “The Omega Directive”), when detonated, can destroy surrounding subspace and make warp travel impossible. “47” is an in-joke in Star Trek, dating back to TNG writer Joe Menosky, who went to Pomona College, which had a club called the 47 Society.

Krebs’ Talaxian furfly is now missing and has entered a replicator. This does not bode well.

Sam’s “old me” refers to her memories of attending the Academy prior to her program being reset and this time growing up from childhood on Kasq in SFA: “The Life of the Stars”.

Caleb’s not kidding when he talks about “old classics” like ECC, RSA and 10DES. These are all encryption standards developed in the 20th century, so well over a thousand years old.

Sam says Caleb is 20 years old, but I assume she’s not being precise, since he was separated from his mother nearly 16 years prior, which would make him nearly 22.

Most of the worlds Anisha mentions - Modavi, Elworth V, Ukeck, are first appearances, but the Typhon sector was mentioned as a staging area to confront the Borg cube at the beginning of the TNG movie First Contact. The Typhon Expanse, which may or may not be related, was the area where Enterprise-D was caught in a time loop (TNG: “Cause and Effect”). According to the file, Ukeck is a Class-M planet in the Alpha Quadrant.

40 Eridani A has long been supposed to be Vulcan’s (now Ni’Var) system in fandom. The choice was endorsed by Gene Roddenberry in a 1991 letter published in Sky & Telescope.

Sam’s technobabble somewhat makes sense if you imagine that the shuttle will not be capable of sustaining the same degree of speed as Athena. When the shuttle first exits the bay, even if it’s moving at warp Caleb will have to match its speed with Athena’s by synchronising the two warp bubbles. But once he exits Athena’s warp bubble, there will be a sudden deceleration since the shuttle will be traveling slower. It’s kind of like jumping off a speeding train.

Khionians lacking the enzyme (polyphenol oxidase to be exact) to break down bananas was established in SFA: “Series Acclimation Mil”.

Transwarp tunnels or conduits were used by the Borg, first appearing in TNG: “Descent”, allowing for speeds much faster than conventional warp drive. Abandoned conduits have been used before (PIC: “Broken Pieces”).

Sam’s dad is the Doctor, who on Kasq raised her for 17 years, relative time, in “The Life of the Stars”.

Darem says he thought ships had two nacelles so they don’t fly in circles. According to the TNG Tech Manual, nacelles, firing together or asymmetrically, shape the warp bubble, distorting space to steer the ship in various directions. After research, Starfleet determined that two nacelles were optimal for this. Of course, this doesn’t mean you can’t have more than two or even one nacelle to generate a warp field, but we don’t have time to nerd out about that now (LD: “The New Next Generation”). Khionian glitter vomit was also established in “Series Acclimation Mil”.

The starchart Ake examines shows the location of the mine near what would be in the 24th century the Tzenkethi Coalition. In fact, Tzenketh is still marked in grey (whatever that means) a little to the left and down from it. This is very much also consistent with Geoffrey Mandel’s Star Trek: Star Charts which have been used ever since DIS, but with some additions. From what I can estimate, the first detonation took place at least 50-60 light years away from the current mine. I’m hoping someone manages to release a high-res version I can get my nerdy little hands on.

This is the first time I’ve heard “maggs” as a unit of measurement. Someone has suggested it could be named after series writer/producer Jane Maggs.

Q’mau is another planet outside Fmaggstion space, first appearing in DIS: “Red Directive”. A desert environment, it had a settlement that couriers would go to trade and sell goods, stolen or otherwise. “Pulling a Q’mau” refers to what Discovery and Antares did in that episode, when the starships descended into the atmosphere, beaming up two civilians before combining their shields to block an avalanche. Enterprise-D pulls a similar rescue in PIC: “The Last Generation”.

Isolytic weapons (Insurrection) were banned weapons that could, like Omega, permanently damage subspace. The So’na used isolytic bursts to create subspace tears, and in the 32nd century, Ruon Tarka used an isolytic-type weapon against the 10-C (DIS: “Rubicon”). Given its effects on subspace, it makes sense that it could potentially tear a ship out of warp.

We saw Athena’s saucer separation ability in SFA: “Vox in Excelso”, in the staged battle against the Klingons.

We get a better look at the galactic map as we zoom out to see Nus’ mines surrounding Federation space. Of note is that Klingon space is where it’s supposed to be, the Ferengi Trading Zone is what used to be the Ferengi Alliance, and Cardassian space is labelled where the Cardassian Empire was.

Also, on the Beta Quadrant side of the Federation in what used to be Romulan space is Serrotheyn space. The Serrotheyns first appeared in DIS, with one serving in the United Earth Defense Force (DIS: “People of Earth”) and some working with the Emerald Chain (DIS: “That Hope is You, Part 1”). They had delegates at the Assembly to deal with Species 10-C in DIS: “…But to Connect”. Serrotheyn space was first labeled on a starchart in SFA: “Ko’Zeine”.