If you use the most formal grammar taught to beginners, then every single language can be broken down this way -- and this is nothing special to Japanese. Unfortunately this sort of nice structure tends to melt away as you transition to more "natural" ways of talking / writing, even in formal contexts. Even things like the -ka suffix (as mentioned in another comment) is really often just not a thing in normal speaking.
And no, Japanese isn't free from conjugations. It simply conjugates in a different way compared to what European languages tend to do. And the use of suffixes and forming "verb chains" is also core to how the language's grammar works.
Shattered Pixel Dungeon Roguelike, very addctive :)