The contexts I use web-app tech in don't really map to these launchers, but my guess for the slowness is a combination of dynamically pulling content for in-launcher ads, third party scripts blocking for extended periods, or accidentally triggering graphical paints you don't need.
Most of the launchers I see seem to pull ad content from the web, and if you are serving other peoples ads in a web-apps you have to load their supporting libraries, and those libraries might have their own dependencies. Fast web apps tend to be those where either you have full knowledge of the dependency tree before deployment or where you can exercise control over the dynamically loaded content to ensure its performance.