For me, Python replaced Perl 15 years ago. I know Perl is a great language, but it's too "write-only." Python replaced both BASIC and Perl at the same time, even with the problems of migration from v2 to v3. Python can also do scripts to replace Bash and PowerShell. I don't see myself learning Perl now, it would be a waste of time.

Perl was revolutionary at the time with CGI and regexes, but it's not needed anymore.

Perl is great for that occasional bash one liner or that one off script.

It’s awful for team projects. The core mantra of Perl is “there’s more than one way to do it”, meaning every piece of code can be written in hundreds of different ways. Result is that everybody write with different code styles, and no one can understand each other’s code.

So that rules out most practical use cases.

I write Perl at work. Supporting an actively developed Perl based application.

It’s honestly not that bad as a language, the biggest downside is that the ecosystem of libraries around it are often abandoned or outdated. The language isn’t perfect and it needs a bit of discipline to avoid creating unreadable code, but honestly it’s not as bad as its reputation might have you believe.

It has quite a few tricks and unexpected bits of flexibility that make it quite a bit more expressive than other languages - you can really craft nice compact, elegant code with it if you want to.

These days I use other languages too (Python, Ruby, JS, etc) but none of them quite match Perl for expressiveness.

Oh also it’s great for oneliners. That expressiveness can be abused for brevity in some really interesting ways.

Perl hasn't lost any of it's qualities or relevance or usefulness.

It's just, with these incompatible language upgrades, they are creating artificial barriers for starters and for occasional users. The outcome is that they are making it less popular, sadly.

The community is all but gone at this point. It used to have a lot of highly concentrated competance. Many of those people left (or were driven away) in the last few years, and nobody is taking their place.

There is no such thing as a junior Perl programmer.

My company still uses it significantly, and has already had one major failed attempt to get rid of it. I expect we'll still have it for years to come. I'm at least 25 years away from retirement, and I wouldn't be surprised if it was still around then. That said, we're moving to Elixir, and with a much better plan than the previous attempt.

All that said, we gobble up all the experienced Perl devs we can and try to make them happy enough to stay. There's good money to be made in a long-tail language.

I work at a small company that still uses perl for everything. It works, the company makes money. They'll never move off it. I bet there's a lot of little places like that, but I doubt many are starting new projects with it. Not many of the major modules have a lot of updates recently, but they've also been pretty complete for a long time. If you already know shell/awk/grep/etc it's pretty easy to pick up. Probably will see less and less of it as the people that do write in it continue to age.

OpenQa testing framework still uses perl heavily.

I learned perl after python and I still like the language. At the end I always treat languages as tools. There is no bad language. There is only a task and your decision to pick the correct tool for it.

I use perl for automation stuff that needs more than bash, but doesn't require the speed of a faster/compiled language. In my opinion it's great for that kind of thing.

I know of at least one big online company that still has a staggering amount of perl in their stack for 2023 (IMO)

I played around with Perl when I was still in school, almost 20 years ago. Even then it was pretty legacy. I remember fixing a bug in a Perl script during an internship, because I was literally the only person in the whole department who could understand Perl code. I suppose it was used for sysadmin and web scripting but has since been replaced by PHP, Javascript and Python. I wouldn't bet any money on Perl being relevant in the future.

I still use Perl for most things -- it's my go-to language when I have to get something done quickly. And quickly doesn't have to mean small one-liner scripts.

My biggest reason for using it is that mod_perl is still blazingly fast.