When you think about it, bird feeders are also cat feeders.

motion sensor sprinkler will do it

A metronome will spook cats. The Japanese use a piece of bamboo that fills with water and then whacks against another surface to scare deers.

https://youtu.be/gp3xvYT0sJk

In my experience, I don't believe you'll be able to "train" the cats that way. They'll be more cautious to keep an eye out for your dog, but if your dog is not around they're not gonna want to miss a hunting opportunity. I could be wrong, but that's the way my cats behave at home. Being trained not to do something is really just a "be more careful of when I should do this" to them

Perhaps try raising your feeders above their jump height? Although that may be a tall order.

I know that there are some plants and herbs cats don’t like. You could try placing some.

The obvious answer is to move all the bird feeders to the back. If you're attracting them to an area with predators then you're better just not feeding them.

You can also use window feeders or similar to move the feeders up high, but I'd say the first option makes the most sense.

Have you tried getting them high? I did a thing: Getting stray cats high to stop them eating my pets

There are odor repellents that can work in addition to making the environment around the feeders uncomfortable for the cats. If you can somehow make the ground sticky or wet it might be enough to keep the cats away without harming them.

You got a hose?

Add a hawk or eagle feeder into the mix, then let it run empty /s

COSTWAY Scarecrow Motion Activated Animal Repellent https://a.co/d/aM1eWYD

I ducked it: https://www.thespruce.com/cat-repellents-to-keep-cats-out-of-your-yard-2132573

Believe you can get high pitch things but that will probably irritate your dog. Could run out screaming at the cat and they will scarper, they then just collectively learn not to come by lol

Have you tried those ultrasonic cat scareres?

Ah, well I come from a more brutal rural background I guess, but if any cats cause me problems with the chickens it's a cage trap followed by a .22 to the head through the bars of the cage. Quick, painless, no burden on animal control but understandably some people would be reluctant to do it. I do the same for friends with feral cat problems who are uncomfortable with the final act.

I still find it abhorrent that people put animals in sacks and drown them. That really makes me feel ill (and angry), but I can swallow the lump in my throat when I have to dispatch a cat, sheep, chicken knowing that it's the way that causes the least stress, and there really are no better options.

Assuming you're in the US (I'm not) it can't be too hard to find a gun-toting maniac to do the deed! (sorry)

I'll take the downvotes for being evil now if you wish.