Well the good news is, everything worked as designed!
You have a block by block full copy of one disc onto another disc.
Unfortunately some of those blocks also include partition information and sizing of the disc.
- Don't do a block by block clone, use rsync or rclone to copy the files themselves to a new appropriately sized disc internally
- Resize the partition of your new disk now that you've moved everything
Since you have the original disc, as long as you haven't written new data, try 2, and if that fails do 1