The point the image is trying to make is that they want us to eat the normally distasteful stuff we tend to discard, and have done for time immemorial, when there is such a wealth inequality going on in the world.
I haven't read the linked scientific article, admittedly, as linked from the BBC page. Does it really suggest such a basic thing that you can eat the broccoli stem? This is new to people?
I'll object to the melon rinds someone suggested though. That I will not eat. 🤐