If you don't care about your home you are unlikely to put any effort into taking care of it.
You're conflating care and pride. There's a very rational reason for caring about one's own home, and that's the fact that you live there.
Nothing is quite as long-term damaging to a nation as convincing its own people to think poorly of it.
Uh... examples? I'm pretty sure we've seen more of the opposite, where rampant nationalism or similar leads societies to disaster.
Personally I think a fair amount of the damage that the US is doing to itself now is a result of foreign influence campaigns repeatedly targeting the US's worst international blunders.
Evidence?