My transporter clone and I may be indistinguishable to you, but I can distinguish between us pretty easily. A transporter is not interrupting a chemical process and then letting it continue, it is stopping a chemical process and then starting another one elsewhere. Death or no death is very meaningful to me, the person who is about to be disintegrated at the entrance of this transporter.
The person who shows up at the lever looks like me, acts like me, thinks they're me, and they are not me. No matter how arbitrarily similar we are, they're a different person. If the transporter fails to disintegrate me, I do not see through that person's eyes. I do not hear through that person's ears. Because they're a different person.
So it stands to reason that if the transporter does disintegrate me, I still will not see through that person's eyes nor hear through that person's ears. And because my eyes and ears are gone, I will never see or hear anything again. There's a word for this state of existence, in which you do not experience anything.