what is your meaningful friction that is meaningful but not just a checkmark but also not an interview?

It doesn't have to be exactly like this, but a trial of this would probably help us understand which knobs to dial: an example of a little friction that countries tend to use to make voting mandatory/opt-out without major negative consequences for those who are dead set on not participating. A campaign is held for some time, e.g. a few weeks, and folks are expected to come in and participate. If you want to opt out, two options: 1) show up during the campaign to receive one last 10-15 minutes pitch from a community worker, after which if the person still desires to opt out, this community worker helps them fill a detailed form explaining why; or 2) don't show up during the campaign, and get flagged in the system as AWOL, which requires visiting a community worker to seek that pitch/form on a later date (does not need to be a doctor/nurse, social worker or any other desk job is enough). In this system, the "worst punishment" for someone not attending the campaign is that this person will have to go somewhere, listen to some stuff, and fill a form. The kind of thing that takes a day, which is not life-altering but it is annoying enough that folks will tend to prefer doing this during the campaign period because it should be quicker. And as for the consequences of becoming AWOL, it depends on how widespread that is. I couldn't guess because implementation is key, and good public health policies badly implemented are sometimes worse than no policies at all. But ideally, after perhaps years of work in this system, the government can add more consequences to a record pending rectification, like access to tax credits and other incentives, then moving on to more critical individual stuff like insurance, then later moving on to public services like healthcare and education.

So yes, this brings us back to te beginning. Vaccination should become mandatory. How fast we can make it happen, I have no idea. Maybe not in my lifetime. But we should take steps in the direction of making it mandatory. This will involve increasing the burden on people who choose to not vaccinate. How much and how fast we increase that burden is something that public policy researchers will discover over time, as they'll have to pay attention evolving this in a way to not create yet another system of oppression - but the original point, is that this is the general direction we have to head towards to eradicate some diseases.