Less than you'd think, actually. Granted, I don't really interact with controversial topics and I try to clarify my position if necessary but over all my experience on fediverse was rather positive in this regards. Even more heated replies from people turned into neutral or friendly conversations when I responded calmly instead of raging back.

If that doesn't work and someone does misinterpret my words (purposelessly or otherwise) then that's on them. There's only so much one can do about these things it's not really worth worrying about.