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Just started learning python - question about types of statements. (lemmy.world)

submitted 3 months ago by [email protected] to c/[email protected]

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Just started as in, I'm about an hour into a 4 hour intro video. Seeing two basic ways of manipulating things and don't understand the difference.

If I want to know the length of a string and I just guess at how to do it I would try one of these two things,

Len(string)
string.len()

What is the difference between these types of statements? How do I think about this to know which one I should expect to work?

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[–] [email protected] 15 points 3 months ago (1 children)

len is a built-in function: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html#len

When you do len("something") you are passing the string something to it, and it returns how long it is. You can pass it other things like lists or sets, and it will tell you how many things are in them, too.

>>> len
<built-in function len>
>>> len("something")
9

>>> len([1,2,3,4])
4
>>> len({"a", "b", "c"})
3

If you were to try to do "something".len() it would try to call the function "len" that exists on str. There isn't one.

>>> "something".len()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
AttributeError: 'str' object has no attribute 'len'

https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#textseq

Scroll down a little to "String Methods" and you can see what methods are available on strings.

This is kind of language specific. Now you know that when you want to know how long something is in Python, you generally use the built-in len. If you're dealing with some other type of object, you'd check what methods it provides and what it inherits from. There's a lot of documentation reading in software development. A good IDE also helps.

[–] [email protected] 3 points 3 months ago* (last edited 3 months ago) (1 children)

At the end of the day, len(ob) just defers to ob.__len__() so both are correct, just one's more functional and one's more object oriented.

[–] [email protected] 2 points 3 months ago* (last edited 3 months ago) (1 children)

Things prefixed with two underscores are considered private, and typically should not be accessed directly.

https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/classes.html#private-variables

[–] [email protected] 3 points 3 months ago* (last edited 3 months ago)

Keyword "typically". If I'm overriding dunder methods, then I'll typically need to call the super method as well. It's not like it's forbidden.

Consider the following:

class MyStr(str):
     def len(self):
          return len(self)
          # OR
          return self.__len__()

Both of the above return values are perfectly valid Python.