"Natural consequences" is the buzzword. Make sure the consequences fit the action. You squirted most the toothpaste into the aink? You don't get access to toothpaste, and mom/dad have to do your toothbrush.

This works with my kid because they value their autonomy very highly. Your child may value things differently.

Something to keep in mind: the goal isn't to be a high-discipline parent, it's to be a consistent parent. Express expectations and consequences, then hold to them. This helps children feel secure, and dramatically reduces testing behaviors (not to zero but much lower).