In theory most drives should support falling back to 2x mode now. In practice? Plug it in and try it out, it's hit and miss.
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Thank you. I don't actually have the drive or the adapter yet, I should have specified that in my OP, my bad :( I don't really want to buy stuff and have it not work.
Might be able to run it at 2x like the other commenter said.
I would go another route and run it through your usb, the manual says you have an USB 3.2 gen 2 which should be able to read up to 10 Gbit/s , more than enough for a pcie gen 4 m.2.
Get yourself an enclosure and plug it in there (make sure it also supports the speeds).
I never thought of that, thank you. I might give that a try. I am not the biggest fan of external stuff though.
If you go this route get a good enclosure with an rtl9210b chipset.
I bought like 5 of these, they're the only adapter I've found that's cheap, good, all metal (so the controller doesn't overheat), and has firmware without issues with TRIM on Linux: https://a.aliexpress.com/_mM2U8U6
This one benefits from adding a dab of thermal putty (or a pad) under the chipset so it can use the case as a heatsink. Same deal with the drive, a blob of putty on top to connect the drive to the lid helps performance.
Thank you :)