At what point does that say to call gay people slurs and to judge them? How does this justify implementing discriminatory laws against them? It even says "and such were some of you", showing that they were likely guilty of this at one point.

These commands also only applied to Christians. They weren't to be enforced outside of the Church. You cited 1 Corinthians 6, however turning back a book to 1 Corinthians 5, the following is stated at verse 12&13:

‭What business is it of mine to judge those outside the church? Are you not to judge those inside? God will judge those outside. ‘Expel the wicked person (someone who was having sex with his father's wife who was unrepentant and without shame) from among you.’

So basically, it's not really a Christian's business what non-christians do. It's only their business to bring them to Christ. Christ can then work within them, and it will be up to a Christian to help support them in resisting temptations to commit those sins.