Selfhosted
A place to share alternatives to popular online services that can be self-hosted without giving up privacy or locking you into a service you don't control.
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SSH - secure shell. It is a way to connect to your remote machine. On server distributions it is usually open by default. If you're running Windows on your main computer, you can connect with either the included OpenSSH client (terrible experience) or download a utility like PuTTY. Detailed explanation here: https://bitlaunch.io/blog/how-to-connect-to-ssh-with-putty/
Web shell - Likely refers to the admin control panel of the software. I don't run TrueNAS so I can only assume. Likely if you open a browser tab and type in your server's IP and the specified port in the documentation you'll be able to access it (i.e http://192.168.50.2:8080)
“go to system --> advanced” where!? - Likely in the admin panel. Again, don't run the software personally.
Link aggregations - This is more on the advanced side and likely not necessary for you at this stage. The idea is to allow you to connect more interfaces and increase bandwidth, likely not necessary for a home set up, would advise you keep it for later.
VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network. In the past before VLANs we had switches/hubs that when you connected a cable to them they would automatically become a member of the same network. VLAN allows you to split one physical network into many virtual networks. This is good because you can them limit access inbetween VLANs or block traffic for your server VLANs (if for example, you don't want it to collect telemetry and phone home. I personally do it on the IoT VLAN).
Default Gateway - It is the IP address of your router in most cases. If you are on the 192.168.10.0 - 192.168.10.255 network and you're trying to send packets inside that network then your clients will not contact the default gateway, they will instead just reach each other directly. The default gateway is necessary to send packets outside of your network.