Honorable Mention: The Kinks - All Day and All of the Night (1964)
70s: the origins of the "punk" movement
Ramones - Do You Remember Rock 'N' Roll Radio?
The Clash - I'm So Bored of the U.S.A.
The Sex Pistols - God Save the Queen
The Stooges - Search and Destroy
Stiff Little Fingers - Alternative Ulster
80s: independent punk emerges
Adolescents - Kids of the Black Hole
Circle Jerks - Wild in the Streets
The Pogues - The Sick Bed of Cuchulainn
90s: punk evolves and goes mainstream
Rancid - Journey to the End of the East Bay
Strung Out - Exhumation of Virginia Madison
Dropkick Murphys - Barroom Hero
The Mighty Mighty Bosstones - The Impression That I Get
Social Distortion - Ball and Chain
The Offspring - The Kids Aren't Alright
Anyway, there you go!
I tried to pick out what I think are some pretty quintessential examples of punk music across 3 decades, reflecting the style and subject matter of the bands and the context of that time period. But punk is much more stylistically and thematically diverse scene than people might think, so consider this list just a starting point.
Also, even though this list ends with the 90s, I should also say that punk continued to evolve and go pretty strong from the 2000s on, a lot of the bands listed continued to make great music and new bands continues to pop up too.
So there's a lot more to dig into.