We have a mixed system in our federal parliament. We have a lower house made up of 150 preferential, winner-takes-all electorates, and an upper house of multi-member electorates for each state and territory elected Hare–Clark proportional representation.
My topic of discussion today is whether we would benefit from altering the lower house, and what way would you alter it (or not).
I'm personally not a fan of making the lower house as proportional as the upper house, as many government functions are legislated to be controlled by government ministers, which necessitates the lower house forming a governing coalition. This is made much harder under high levels of proportional representation (see Tasmania & many european countries).
I'm only not a fan because I think the general public doesn't like seeing slow moving government. I actually think it's fine.
However, I personally think a pragmatic change would be to increase the lower house MPs by 50% from 150 to 225, and then have 75 electorates of 3 members each.
This way, you retain the local representation, while removing "safe" seats that parties ignore, as it's likely at least one member is in doubt every election.
Keen to hear people's ideas, and pet proposals.
(Note, I am not a political scholar so won't have used the most correct jargon.)
I would love to see proportional representation in the lower house. The answer on how to solve issues with democracy usually are solved by adding more democracy.
Last election, the Nationals received only 3.6% of the popular vote. Despite this low vote, it won 10 seats, and that’s because Nationals voters are highly concentrated in a few low population rural seats, where there are fewer people controlling larger portions of land.
The Greens, by contrast, won 12% of the popular vote but only won 4 lower house seats. That’s because Greens voters, although most heavily concentrated in inner-urban seats, and are much more uniformly spread across the country.
To put it another way, Nationals won 52,000 votes per seat as compared to 448,000 votes per seat for the Greens.
Is that reflective of strong democratic values? I don't think it is. Our current system is treating country voters as 10 times more valuable than inner urban voters.
Would you also remove the upper house. Otherwise what is the purpose of the upper house if it's elected identically?
Yes. The upper house is supposed to be proportional and yet it suffers from the same unbalanced outcomes. Each state currently has the same number of senators despite population differences. This results in smaller states being overrepresented while larger states are underrepresented. Both Tassie and Victoria have 12 senators, yet a Tasmanian senator represents ~34,000 voters, while a Vic senator represents ~380,000, once again making a lightly populated state's vote ten times more valuable than a heavily populated one.
Can agree with you on that point. Seems like a hangover from federation that the smaller states receive more representation.
Doesn't really make sense in our modern, highly interconnected world to have some states have better representation per capita than others.
I think a unicameral system would not be popular in Australia though, because you'd largely remove local members (unless you switch to something like what NZ has, but with preferential voting for the local candidates). Hence why I advocate for local multi-member electorates in the lower house to improve representation of more parties, and retaining the senate.
Thanks for sharing your thoughts friend!