I get making a separation between reference to skin colour or "race" and culture, but I just feel like it should be consistent. Out of curiosity I checked how Wikipedia handled it and it doesn't seem like there's one rule

Ethno-racial "color labels" may be given capitalized (Black and White) or lowercase (black and white); mixed use (Black, but white) is also acceptable if editors at a particular article find it appropriate.

A June–December 2020 proposal to capitalize "Black" (only) concluded against that idea, and also considered "Black and White", and "black and white", with no consensus to implement a rule requiring either or against mixed use where editors at a particular article believe it's appropriate. The status quo practice had been that either style was permissible, and this proposal did not overturn that.

I wonder if it would be acceptable to do "White but black", I feel like that would seem outright sketchy in a way the opposite doesn't