Hey comrade! On this specific passage, the last quote from this review sums up what Lenin means here:

When a big enterprise assumes gigantic proportions, and, on the basis of an exact computation of mass data, organises according to plan the supply of primary raw materials to the extent of two-thirds, or three-fourths, of all that is necessary for tens of millions of people; when the raw materials are transported in a systematic and organised manner to the most suitable places of production, sometimes situated hundreds or thousands of miles from each other; when a single centre directs all the consecutive stages of processing the material right up to the manufacture of numerous varieties of finished articles; when these products are distributed according to a single plan among tens and hundreds of millions of consumers (the marketing of oil in America and Germany by the American oil trust)—then it becomes evident that we have socialisation of production, and not mere “interlocking”, that private economic and private property relations constitute a shell which no longer fits its contents, a shell which must inevitably decay if its removal is artificially delayed, a shell which may remain in a state of decay for a fairly long period (if, at the worst, the cure of the opportunist abscess is protracted), but which will inevitably be removed

That review has some extra literature if you are interested - mostly on the economic aspects of Lenin's thought and how most of it applies today.

Unfortunately I am not expert enough in Marxist thought to answer if this particular verbiage has some sort of cultural lineage that goes back to Hegel or some other thinker, but I think you could find some of that in The German Ideology, basically a critique of the philosophers of his time and their idealism. Since this is a heavy text, you may be better served by asking other comrades around here on this particular question.