Selfhosted
A place to share alternatives to popular online services that can be self-hosted without giving up privacy or locking you into a service you don't control.
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Hosting an email server is pretty sure a magnet for half the Chinese IP range.... So I would refrain from hosting that myself.
I figured email would be a common theme. I’m just starting to dip my toes into all of this, so an email server is not on my to-do list (and may never be).
Google and other large scale providers have intentionally made it very difficult to self host your own email. It’s generally not considered a wise move these days and is very difficult to maintain.
Why do you say so? I'm not an expert in the fields, but isn't a mail server pretty much the same as 20 years ago plus DKIM and SPF?
Problem is, that most larger providers sort your mails to spam if the domain is not well known to them, which is not easy to achieve
Mmm...are you sure about that? I happen to buy some random domain and I've never had any problem sending email even right after the domain created.
There's been a lot of write ups on this, such as this one: After self-hosting my email for twenty-three years I have thrown in the towel. The oligopoly has won.
But there are even people that still self host email server (have a look in the selfhosted subreddit for example). IP reputation is a thing, for sure, but I don't feel that it's been brought up by the big corp wickedly, it's a good way to prevent spam to arrive to the server. There are thousands of email providers in the world that are not Google, Amazon, Microsoft or some other big corp. This means that is possible. Is it difficult? For me for sure!!! But I think that the rising difficulty has been a result of this fields over the years. Just my 2 cents.
With DKIM and SPF, I've had zero problems in the last 15 years of selfhosting, most recently with Mailcow Docker on a residential IP. I don't even have a reverse PTR to my mailserver hostname, just a PTR provided by the ISP that can be resolved.
I've added a few fresh, un-reputed domains to the server and had no issues.
I think many people's problems with running email servers are self-inflicted. I remember even before there were things like blacklists, etc with large providers, many people had problems keeping mailservers running. It's just not an easy task for a variety of reasons completely unassociated with the mega's blacklisting you. I've been running mailservers at various scales for 20+ years so maybe it's just second nature to me now.
Thanks for sharing your experience with us. @[email protected] , @body_by_make
ip-reputation is also important. Mailgun, an email service for mass mailing, is doing an „ip-warmup“ if you choose a dedicated ip. So, if you are self-hosting with dynamic-ip, i think you would have a very very low ip-reputation.
True, but this has nothing to do with Google and other, is a well done method to avoid spam.
so what else is a factor for reputation? Or is it like if you dont pay to get your mail-domain whitelisted we lower your reputation score?
No idea! I don't run my own mail server. But if you read a bit up here, there's a guy who runs his own mail server(s) since years. But the selfhosted world seems to be full (well...not so full) of people that self host their mail server.
@loppwn @peregus not having PTR, DKIM, SPF, DMARC correctly setup is a killer, but there are great solutions for this nowadays, both #cloudron and #Yunohost take care of that part pretty well
I have an email server but it is not my main email account. I'm purely only using it to learn and to have email notifications sent out from a few services. I do not trust myself or my setup enough to have my main email account hosted on it
I did host my email, but the problem wasn't the spam but the bigger email providers. Best case was my mail was marked as spam. Worst case was that I was blocked until I jumped through hoops. Email hosting is unfortunately broken.
what's that? a federated service isn't immune from a corporate take over? colour me shocked.
Gladly, fail2ban exists. :) Note that it's not just smtp anyway. Anything on port 22 (ssh) or 80/443 (http/https) get constantly tested as well. I've actually set up fail2ban rules to ban anyone who is querying
/on my webserver, it catches of lot of those pests.This method supposedly works great too.
http://uu.ucw.cz/
Om going to try that as well
CrowdSec has completely replaced fail2ban for me. It's a bit harder to setup but it's way more flexible with bans/statistics/etc. Also uses less ram.
It's also fun to watch the ban counter go up for things that I would never think about configuring on fail2ban, such as nginx CVEs.
Edit: fixed url. Oops!
Thanks for mentioning it, I didn't know about it. Protecting against CVEs sounds indeed awesome. I took a more brutal approach to fix the constant pentesting : I ban everyone who triggers a 404. :D Of course, this only work because it's a private server, only meant to be accessed by me and people with deep links. I've whitelisted IPs commonly used by my relatives, and I've made a log parser that warns me when those IPs trigger a 404, which let me know if there are legit ones, and is also a great way to find problems in my applications. But of course, this wouldn't fly on a public server. :)
Note for others reading this, the correct link is CrowdSec
Me too, I'll never self host my email server. Too much time that I don't have to set it up correctly, manage the antispam and other thing that I don't even know . And if it goes down and I don't have time to look into it (which would be the case 95% of the time 🙈), I'll be without email for I don't know how long.
I've been self-hosting a personal email server for about half a year now, and it was definitely challenging! But it also tought me quite a bit about how the system works, so I think it was worth it. There are solutions for everything, but you definitely need some time and patience.