this post was submitted on 28 Jul 2023
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We can infer a lot from the size and position of its eye sockets. The eyes were position so as to be forward facing, not side facing like an herbivores.
This article has a really good pocture in it showing you a direct view of the eye sockets from the snout. Its cheekbones and nostrils are designed so that it's visual field easily would clear them, giving it binocular vision like ours. The study that article discusses used fossils to model what dinosaur faces would have looked like, then examined their visual field. The trex had around a 55 degree binocular range, which is larger than many predatory birds that we know to have excellent vision over long distances. It's eyes were also gigantic, allowing for a lot of light to get in.
As for sense of smell, I don't know how we know about it; I think we assume it did because it's nostrils were also huge, and because most animals today have good senses of smell, meaning it's a good adaptation to have and likely would be present on the largest land predator to ever exist.
It seems like a lot of guesswork based on a small amount of evidence.
Because of being extremrly large and nonflying I don't see why a trex would gain an advantage by being able to a see a mouse from kilometers away like a modern bird if prey. Between that the millions of years of evolution between them, I wonder if their eyes were less developed in some way.
Given that we have a lot of evidence that trex would swim to islands in the middle of north America to hunt (there was an inland sea here 66 million years ago), I think them having very good long distance vision actually makes a lot of sense. If they were hunting across flat crasslands and looking for food on islands across stretches of water then it would make a lot of sense that they need such good vision.
They don't need to see a mouse from kilometers away, they need to see if that big Grey blob on the Shor of the island 2km across a strait is a washed up icthyosaur, or a triceratops, or just a rock.