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Here’s How That Disney 360° Treadmill Works
(hackaday.com)
This is a most excellent place for technology news and articles.
It doesn't grind anything basically the same way a treadmill doesn't sand anything. You're not forcing anything to stay put on the surface, you're maneuvering on the surface while the surface is counter-moving you.
There's probably very minimal sliding against that surface. From the point of view of each point of contact, it's mostly static friction, with very little dynamic friction/slippage.