Currently, more than 300 investigations are underway related to the illegal currency market, a phenomenon that is a priority in the fight against crime and that impacts the country's macroeconomic stability.
This was reported by Lieutenant Colonel Yisnel Rivera Crespo, head of the Department for Combating Economic Crimes of the General Directorate of Criminal Investigation of the Ministry of the Interior (Minint), in his intervention on the television program Hacemos Cuba, who detailed that these criminal structures move "not insignificant volumes of money" and operate with increasingly complex schemes that involve Cubans based abroad as financiers.
MODUS OPERANDI: FINANCIERS ABROAD AND STRUCTURES IN CUBA
Rivera Crespo explained that a discovery system is being developed that includes multiple avenues for obtaining operational information, penetrating criminal networks, and subsequently dismantling them. "Once operational information is obtained, it's necessary to understand how they operate, the roles of those involved, and, of course, to dismantle the network," he specified.
He said that among the current characteristics of the illegal currency market, financiers extort private actors by imposing interest rates ranging from six to 12%, while involving them in criminal schemes.
These financiers, he explained, enter into negotiations with private actors in the economy to finance their imports in dollars, but they apply a conversion rate imposed by them, with an additional component of manipulation and speculation, in addition to endorsing a profit level that remains precisely between six and 12%.
"The foreign currency doesn't come into the country; the money stays abroad and is used to finance imports, and then there are people here in Cuba who obey the orders of these organizers, in charge of collecting the money from these economic actors, who instead of depositing it in the bank, have to keep it to hand it over to these people, which ends up being the money used in the distribution of remittances, generally in its equivalent in national currency," the lieutenant colonel explained.
He also emphasized that our borders are used for the illicit extraction of these currencies, with the use of people called mules, whose sole objective is to extract from the national territory those currencies accumulated as a result of these activities.
Furthermore, this is cash that leaves through airports, taking advantage of the threshold established by the Central Bank of Cuba of up to $5,000 per person per trip, which, when done repeatedly and with several people, allows for the movement of considerable amounts, Rivera Crespo explained.
He identified the different roles involved in these criminal structures:
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Financiers: people abroad who pay the cost of imports by private actors.
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Remittance agents: they are responsible, following instructions from those abroad, for collecting the money and subsequently distributing it as remittances throughout the national territory.
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Currency traffickers in physical and virtual spaces: involved in cross-border cash movements.
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Simulated international recharge operators: people dedicated to the trafficking of mobile phone recharges.
HIGH-IMPACT OPERATIONS: MILLIONS SEIZED
As part of the results of the confrontation, several concrete examples of operations carried out were presented.
In the first case, in the Havana municipality of Diez de Octubre, joint forces of the Ministry of the Interior dismantled a network dedicated to illegal currency trafficking and the delivery of remittances, operating out of two residences. Based on information obtained, searches were carried out and the main suspect was arrested.
The results of the raids were conclusive: 183,278 dollars, 15,560 euros, 1,500,900 Cuban pesos, two cars, five safes, three money counting machines, 12 bank magnetic cards, three cell phones, a laptop and documentation relating to five additional homes.
In this case, a complaint was filed and an investigative file was opened for the application of special investigative techniques, including electronic surveillance of the telephone communications of those involved and film documentation, all legally established and approved by the Prosecutor's Office
Furthermore, in the second operation, two main defendants were arrested and searches were carried out at their homes: two houses in the municipality of Plaza de la Revolución and one in the municipality of Cerro.
The seizures included: $17,210, €13,475, 2,199,650 Cuban pesos, two electric motorcycles, two laptops, a video protection system, three cell phones, a money counting machine, and seven magnetic cards with different balances.
"The detainees confessed their involvement in the illegal currency trade, and a person who had come to this location to make a deposit at the time of the operation is also charged," explained Rivera Crespo, specifying that it was a private economic actor who came to deposit his day's takings to convert them into foreign currency for his operations using the informal exchange rate.
The third case involves a citizen who had transactions in his bank accounts with credits exceeding 30 million Cuban pesos and debits exceeding 35 million. Based on financial intelligence, it was established that he was part of a criminal network dedicated to the illegal trafficking of foreign currency.
The individual operated from their home in Vedado and used another person who operated in a town in the municipality of Mariel. Both acknowledged that they primarily engaged in the exchange of US dollars for cash, trafficking in freely convertible currency (MLC) and Cuban pesos (CUP), as well as cryptocurrency transactions, a distinguishing element in this case.
"The main defendant, a partner since 2022 in a micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) based in the province of Artemisa, had re-registered in October 2025 as a self-employed worker to carry out the activity of beverage service. Due to non-compliance with his tax obligations, a control action was carried out and he was fined 1,637,086 pesos."
Simultaneous searches of homes in Vedado and Mariel resulted in the seizure of: 134,550 Cuban pesos, 815 dollars, two money counting machines, a laptop, a hard drive, a central video surveillance unit, two cell phones, an electric motorcycle, eight bank cards (Metropolitano, Bandec and BPA), a classic card and other foreign cards.
PARALLEL INVESTIGATION AND RELATED CRIMES
The chief prosecutor of the Criminal Proceedings Department of the Havana Prosecutor's Office, Yudenia San Miguel Ramírez, pointed out that "the parallel asset investigation involves studying the financial operations carried out by these individuals, the accumulation of their various assets. We know that during the course of their activities they acquire private businesses, conduct negotiations, and make imports."
The prosecutor established the distinction between the different crimes that may occur:
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Illegal currency trafficking: the main crime for which these processes are based, based on the form of commission and the levels of discovery carried out by the Minint.
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Tax evasion: when non-state economic actors violate tax regulations. "In pursuit of increased profits and to engage in other activities associated with other crimes, these individuals evade taxes, declare less income, and thus enrich their assets," he noted.
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Money laundering: in some cases, stemming from the underlying crimes of illegal currency trafficking and tax evasion. "This money is recirculated using front men who pose as owners of legitimate businesses and properties such as homes and cars."