Atherosclerosis is a chronic cardiovascular disease that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease is marked by the accumulation of cholesterol—especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—in the arterial walls, leading to plaque formation that restricts blood flow.

Over time, plaques can rupture, causing serious complications such as heart attacks and strokes.

Although atherosclerosis has historically been considered a vascular disorder, recent studies have highlighted the central role of inflammation and the immune response in driving the disease. This has opened new avenues for treating the disease by modulating the immune system.