My understanding is that it's mostly a mix of in-the-moment and shortly-afterwards responses that range from instant regret to frustration to relief to hope, etc. Then there are those who fall back easily into despair, but they're in the minority and there are usually very clear reasons they have a harder time recovering. I can tell you anecdotally from my own practice that while my patients have certainly minded the inconvenience and degradation of being hospitalized against their wills, of those who have been hospitalized over an actual suicide attempt (i.e. not merely the potential for one seen in intense suicidal ideation), none have complained about the care they received in the wake of said attempt. They know—in that instance—it's appropriate.
I don't have the access to professional papers that I used to, but this page from the Harvard School of Public Health should tell you something about what the literature says regarding suicide attempts and their likelihood of recurring.