I think you're confusing a reasonably short period in recent history with "forever".

In History there were quite a lot of "international languages of trade" other than English. It seems to depend very much on which nations were the top empire of the age and because the last two top empires were English-speaking countries (first Britain, then after that the United States), the English language has been dominant as a second language for a over a century now, but before that the English language already existed in a form very similar to the modern form and yet it wasn't at all an "international language of trade" (in fact, at least in Europe, before English it was French that was the dominant language of trade).

I bet that the next "international language of trade" will be Chinese.

but it’s damn easy to make yourself understood.

Words ordering with grammar can be unimportant to being known.

Same in Russian: пальцы ног (fingers of the foot).

And in German, Dutch and Afrikaans (at least), we call gloves hand-shoes (Handschuhe / handschoenen / handskoene)

In french, that's really the name that is given to them, colloquially : doigts de pied (foot fingers)

The real term is orteils (toes)

I'm learning Korean, in South Korea they use so much English vocabulary and it's all spelled phonetically, for example table (yes they use that word) becomes 테이블 (teibeul) and then you have to pronounce it like a Korean word which always sounds a little weird. Japanese is similar, but the possible syllables in Japanese are much more limited so it ends up sounding even weirder and sometimes isn't immediately recognisable as English.

They may have. Several Japanese words for everyday objects are taken from other languages despite having earlier words for those things. E.g. bread is pan (from Portuguese) and ball is boru (English).

Though my personal favorite is black hole. Despite having different words for black and hole, black hole is translated as burakkuhoru