The support page both refer to seems to be real though? https://support.google.com/recaptcha/answer/16609652?hl=en

Does what it's saying mean that Google Play Services is required to pass their captchas on mobile?

Edit: Found a comment in the Reddit thread from someone claiming to have seen one of these captchas in the wild, which supposedly does do this check but is easily bypassed:

Got good news, I just had this captcha. As you can see in the image there is an audio and an eye icon at the bottom. We can protest against this captcha by clicking the eye and doing the original one. As long as a substantial amount of people keep doing that I assume it wont' go away.