You can't form a corporation without their expressed permission, if not, you loose your status as a corporation.

This is just wrong. It's not permission. You submit to their bureaucracy, yes, but that's guaranteed if you submit your paperwork correctly, it's not a permission.

Capitalism ≠ Laissez-faire free markets, but government owning the rights on who gets to issue bonds and debts.

This is not completely accurate. It implies it's a prior approval situation instead of a post-revocable situation which while similar are notably different. The government cannot revoke those privileges arbitrarily. There is rules for them, but those rules do not restrict who does so, they restrict how it's done.

Speaking broadly, a system where the king issues money, and controls said money, is not capitalism anymore than socialism is communism. When nobility exist and can arbitrarily set rules and taxes, that is not capitalism. That isn't to say either are good, they're both terrible systems. But the thing you described with a king is strictly not capitalism, it's a different evil.