Interesting, GURPS has a couple mechanics kinda like this. You build characters with point buy, and you can "buy" Disadvantages like Cowardice or Alcoholism which have a negative point cost, giving you extra points to spend on other attributes.
There's also a way to spend points that you earn (you earn points by adventuring like exp) to change things in the world slightly, though I don't really use it.
Also, there's a fun attribute called Common Sense, where the GM warns you if you're about to do something particularly stupid.