If you won't be able to vote on that day for some reason, there are small polling places open for a couple of weeks ahead of that date.

For the record, early voting is an option in many US states, too, and it's really expanded since COVID. In my state, you could go to any poll location to cast an early vote. It used to be you could only cast an early vote if you were going to be away from home in election day for a specific reason (college or military are the ones I remember, but there were other reasons, too), but it's expanded so pretty much anyone can do early voting now. On election day, you have to go to your assigned poll location in order to vote if you don't do early voting.

This varies by state, though. In any case, it's getting easier to vote, and there are more options to be able to vote, but it's not nationwide (yet, hopefully).