Mainly mercantilism which just means that everyone wants to only export and importing stuff is literally the worst thing in the world. Mercantilism also had a lot more state restrictions on it compared to capitalism.

Feudalism mainly died out in the 1400's when more of the power was centralised to the king instead of their vassals.

Feudalism, Anarchism, primitive forms of communes, etc. The world was a mixed place.

Capitalisms only became successful thanks to the ability to easily connect places. And even then it wasn't as globally dominating as it was today before we had a revolution in transport methods.