They do, as much as any country that hasn't abolished private insurance. It's not ideal, but what is.

The Chinese government has also established a healthcare insurance system that covers almost 96% of the population and benefits more than 1.36 billion people. This system includes basic medical insurance conducted by the government and commercial health insurance provided by various companies. Basic medical insurance is a great-covered social security course and collects the funds from enterprises and individuals. It consists of different insurances for working urban residents, non-working urban residents, and the rural population. Working urban residents pay the most insurance funds and have the highest reimbursement ratio, followed by non-working residents and the rural population [4]. As for the poor and vulnerable individuals, there is a special fund called urban-rural medical aid for serious illnesses, which covers those suffering from economic difficulties. As for the rich, they can also choose to purchase commercial health insurance individually to receive better medical service. As a result, more than 95% of China’s population is covered by the public insurance system.