Not quite, although it's not entirely unrelated. Bokeh is the shape that out-of-focus stuff takes on, most visible on small bright points but still applicable to the rest of the out-of-focus stuff. Tilt-shifting technically refers to a broader technique, but in contexts like this it refers to a combination of a couple of things that trick our brains into thinking the image is of something small. Using a small depth of field (only a thin plane of the image is in focus) and a long focal length (which reduces the apparent effect of perspective, note how the roads in the image don't seem to be converging much at all) has this effect, as OP has shown so well

(Disclaimer: I am very much not an expert here, if I've screwed up terminology I welcome corrections)

No idea. I think with actual camera lenses they're created differently. But I have no idea what I'm talking about so maybe ignore that bit.